A search for successful and choked jets in nearby broad-lined Type Ic supernovae

Journal Article · Tue Dec 09 00:00:00 EST 2025 · No journal information

OSTI ID:3014055

O'Dwyer, Tanner ^[1]; Corsi, Alessandra ^[1]; Yang, Sheng ^[2]; Anand, Shreya ^[3]; Cenko, S. Bradley ^[4]; Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. ^[5]; Ho, Anna Y.Q. ^[6]; Sollerman, Jesper ^[7]; Zhou, Bei ^[8]; Balasubramanian, Arvind ^[9]; Chang, Po-Wen ^[10]; Kamionkowski, Marc ^[1]; Perley, Daniel ^[11]; Laher, Russ R. ^[12]; Murase, Kohta ^[13]; Masci, Frank J. ^[12]; Kasliwal, Mansi M. ^[12]; Purdum, Josiah N. ^[12]; Graham, Matthew J. ^[12]

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1. Johns Hopkins U.
2. Henan U. of Tech.
3. KIPAC, Menlo Park; Stanford U., HEPL; LSST Corp.
4. NASA, Goddard; Maryland U., College Park
5. Maryland U.
6. Cornell U., LNS
7. Stockholm U., OKC
8. Fermilab; Chicago U., KICP
9. Bangalore, Indian Inst. Astrophys.
10. LBL, Berkeley
11. Liverpool John Moores U.
12. Caltech
13. Penn State U.; Penn State U., Astron. Astrophys.; Penn State U., University Park (main)

The observational link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and broad-lined stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe Ic-BL) is well established. Significant progress has been made in constraining what fraction of SNe Ic-BL may power high- or low-luminosity GRBs when viewed at small off-axis angles. However, the GRB-SN connection still lacks a complete understanding in the broader context of massive-star evolution and explosion physics. Models predict a continuum of outcomes for the fastest ejecta, from choked to ultra-relativistic jets, and observations from radio to X-rays are key to probing these scenarios across a range of viewing angles and velocities. Here, we present results from a coordinated radio-to-X-ray campaign targeting nearby (z<=0.1) SNe Ic-BL designed to explore this diversity. With eight new radio-monitored events and updated data for one previously observed SN, we further tighten constraints on the fraction of SNe Ic-BL as relativistic as SN 1998bw/GRB 980425. We identify SN 2024rjw as a new radio-loud event likely powered by strong interaction with circumstellar material (CSM), and add evidence supporting a similar interpretation for SN 2020jqm. We also establish new limits on the properties of radio-emitting ejecta with velocities consistent with cocoons from choked jets, highlighting SN 2022xxf as a promising cocoon-dominated candidate. These results refine our understanding of the continuum linking ordinary SNe Ic-BL, engine-driven explosions, and GRBs, and contribute to building a sample that will inform future multi-messenger searches for electromagnetic counterparts to high-energy neutrinos.

• Research Organization: Stanford U., HEPL; Caltech; LSST Corp.; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Henan U. of Tech.; Chicago U., KICP; Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); NASA, Goddard; Maryland U., College Park; Bangalore, Indian Inst. Astrophys.; Penn State U., University Park (main); Maryland U.; Johns Hopkins U.; Cornell U., LNS; Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Penn State U.; Penn State U., Astron. Astrophys.; Liverpool John Moores U.; Stockholm U., OKC
• Sponsoring Organization: US Department of Energy
• DOE Contract Number: 89243024CSC000002
• OSTI ID: 3014055
• Report Number(s): FERMILAB-PUB-25-0913-PPD; oai:inspirehep.net:3091260; arXiv:2512.08822
• Journal Information: No journal information, Journal Name: No journal information
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English