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Radio Observations of a Sample of Broad-Line Type IC Supernovae Discovered by PTF/IPTF: A Search for Relativistic Explosions

Journal Article · · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [3];  [3];  [2];  [1];  [7];  [3];  [8];  [9];  [10];  [11];  [3];  [12]
  1. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States)
  2. Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  3. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  4. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM (United States)
  5. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom); Max-Planck Institut fur Astrophysik, Garching (Germany)
  6. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  7. Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)
  8. Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
  9. Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel); Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)
  10. Queen's Univ. Belfast, Belfast (United Kingdom)
  11. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  12. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Long duration γ-ray bursts are a rare subclass of stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SNe) that launch collimated relativistic outflows (jets). All γ-ray-burst-associated SNe are spectroscopically Type Ic, with broad-lines, but the fraction of broad-lined SNe Ic harboring low-luminosity γ-ray bursts remains largely unconstrained. Some SNe should be accompanied by off-axis γ-ray burst jets that initially remain invisible, but then emerge as strong radio sources (as the jets decelerate). However, this critical prediction of the jet model for γ-ray bursts has yet to be verified observationally. Here, we present K. G. Jansky Very Large Array observations of 15 broad-lined SNe of Type Ic discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory in an untargeted manner. Most of the SNe in our sample exclude radio emission observationally similar to that of the radio-loud, relativistic SN 1998bw. We constrain the fraction of 1998bw-like broad-lined SNe Ic to be $$\lesssim 41 \% $$ (99.865% confidence). Most of the events in our sample also exclude off-axis jets similar to GRB 031203 and GRB 030329, but we cannot rule out off-axis γ-ray bursts expanding in a low-density wind environment. Three SNe in our sample are detected in the radio. PTF11qcj and PTF14dby show late-time radio emission with average ejecta speeds of ≈0.3–0.4 c, on the dividing line between relativistic and "ordinary" SNe. The speed of PTF11cmh radio ejecta is poorly constrained. We estimate that $$\lesssim 85 \% $$ (99.865% confidence) of the broad-lined SNe Ic in our sample may harbor off-axis γ-ray bursts expanding in media with densities in the range probed by this study.
Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
1398430
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 22868604
Journal Information:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 830; ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Cited By (13)

Observational and Physical Classification of Supernovae book December 2016
Toward an inner connection of SNe Ic, SLSNe Ic, XRF connected SNe, SNe Ic-BL, and GRB connected SNe journal January 2018
Analysis of broad-lined Type Ic supernovae from the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory journal January 2019
A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary journal October 2018
Light Curves of Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory journal June 2018
The Double-peaked Radio Light Curve of Supernova PTF11qcj journal February 2019
Constraints on the Environment and Energetics of the Broad-line Ic SN2014ad from Deep Radio and X-Ray Observations journal July 2019
Energy-conserving Relativistic Corrections to Strong-shock Propagation journal July 2019
Line Expansion Opacity in Relativistically Expanding Media journal December 2019
An Optimized Radio Follow-up Strategy for Stripped-envelope Core-collapse Supernovae journal January 2020
A hot and fast ultra-stripped supernova that likely formed a compact neutron star binary text January 2018
An optimized radio follow-up strategy for stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae text January 2019
Line Expansion Opacity in Relativistically Expanding Media text January 2019

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Related Subjects

79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
gamma-ray burst: general
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
supernovae: general