UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase in alfalfa: a target to improve ruminal digestibility of stems

Fanelli, Amanda; Smith, Rebecca A.; Reinhardt, Laurie; Weimer, Paul J.; Sullivan, Michael L.

doi:10.1093/jxb/eraf541

UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase in alfalfa: a target to improve ruminal digestibility of stems

Journal Article · Thu Dec 18 00:00:00 EST 2025 · Journal of Experimental Botany

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraf541· OSTI ID:3013907

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US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Madison, WI (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS); Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States); Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States)
US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Madison, WI (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) has a high nutritional value, but poor digestibility of the stems limits its value as an energy source in ruminant diets. Xylan and lignin negatively affect cell wall digestibility, whereas pectins have high digestibility in the rumen. In plants, UDP-xylose synthase (UXS) catalyses the decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to form UDP-xylose in an irreversible step that is key for xylan synthesis. Here, we functionally characterized two UXS genes in alfalfa, namely MsaUXS2 and MsaUXS4, and investigated their impact on ruminal digestibility. Both genes are more highly expressed in stems than leaves, and the enzymes have UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase activity in vitro. Silencing of MsaUXS2 and MsaUXS4 via RNAi altered plant growth and resulted in a 40% decrease in xylose, a 115% increase in arabinose, and a 60% increase in galacturonic acid in the polysaccharide matrix as well as a 20% decrease in lignin in the cell wall. Together, our results show a major role for UXS2 and UXS4 in xylan synthesis and secondary cell wall deposition in alfalfa. Additionally, in vitro rumen digestibility assays for the silenced lines had on average 30% increased gas production at 24 h, demonstrating the potential of targeting UXS genes to increase stem digestibility.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center (GLBRC), Madison, WI (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664; SC0018409

OSTI ID:: 3013907

Journal Information:: Journal of Experimental Botany, Journal Name: Journal of Experimental Botany; ISSN 1460-2431; ISSN 0022-0957

Publisher:: Oxford University Press - Society for Experimental BiologyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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UDP-xylose synthase
alfalfa stem digestibility
cell wall digestibility
ruminant diets
secondary cell wall
xylan

UDP-glucuronic acid decarboxylase in alfalfa: a target to improve ruminal digestibility of stems

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