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Decoupling Electrode Kinetics to Elucidate Reaction Mechanisms in Alkaline Water Electrolysis

Journal Article · · Energy & Environmental Science
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/D5EE03044G· OSTI ID:3011827
 [1];  [2];  [3];  [4];  [4];  [1]
  1. National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
  2. Argonne National Laboratory
  3. Ulsan National Institute of Science & Technology
  4. National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) presents key advantages, including reduced material costs, enhanced operational stability, and compatibility with non-precious metal catalysts, positioning it as a scalable route for hydrogen production. In this study, we introduce a minimally invasive single-cell configuration incorporating a reference electrode via diaphragm extension to form an internal ion channel. This setup, combined with an interfaced potentiostat and auxiliary electrometer, enables real-time, independent monitoring of anode and cathode behavior, offering high-resolution electrochemical diagnostics. While it is well established that the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) exhibits sluggish kinetics in alkaline media, our study reveals that this limitation persists even in practical AWE systems where nickel-based substrates are used as electrodes. This observation is supported by both experimental data and voltage breakdown modeling. Arrhenius-type analysis reveals that localized electric fields induced by catalysts shift the reaction kinetics from classical Butler-Volmer behavior toward a Marcus-like regime, where interfacial molecular dynamics and bimolecular charge transfer dominate. We propose a semi-empirical model and a surficial reaction mechanism to describe these dynamics. This work underscores the critical need for cathode innovation and provides a rational framework for designing advanced catalysts and electrode architectures to optimize AWE performance.

Research Organization:
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technologies Office (HFTO)
DOE Contract Number:
AC36-08GO28308
OSTI ID:
3011827
Report Number(s):
NREL/JA-5900-95012
Journal Information:
Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Journal Issue: 18 Vol. 18
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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