Siting and sizing of public–private charging stations impacts on household and electric vehicle fleets

Journal Article · Mon Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2025.104436· OSTI ID:3006367

Su, Lin ^[1]; Gurumurthy, Krishna Murthy ^[2]; Kockelman, Kara M. ^[1]

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1. Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
2. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)

To facilitate the provision of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) in urban areas, this study investigates the benefits of co-locating fleet-owned chargers with public charging stations to enable construction incentives and cord-sharing cost savings. Shared EVCS can serve charging demand from both user types: private (household) EV owners and those managing fleet vehicles – like shared and fully automated EV (SAEV) fleets. Using POLARIS to simulate all person-travel across the 6-county Austin, Texas region, new EVCS were sited and sized with DC fast-charging (DCFC) plugs to lower operating and construction costs while providing public + private (PP) service across an 81-square-mile core geofence (where 200 SAEVs were active) over 24-hour days. When co-location is permitted, 115 DCFC cords were added to the 23 existing (publicly available) stations to enable SAEVs and household EVs (HHEVs) charging access, within the geofence. Each 250-mile-range SAEV was simulated to travel an average of 330 miles per day, serve over 92 person-trips, and recharge 2.7 times a day (for 2.4 h per session). The new DCFC plugs were primarily added to public EVCS at shopping centers and schools, and in residential settings along freeways. The average plug served 4.8 EVs per day. Most co-located PP EVCS permitted immediate (no-wait) charging, except for 2 stations along freeways that averaged 8 min of wait time to begin charging. In conclusion, the co-location strategy lowered fleet owners’ initial EVCS construction costs by 12 % (thanks to cord-sharing to avoid cord duplication), while reducing SAEV wait times to just 3.1 min (versus 10.7 min if SAEV managers had to build and operate their own EVCS).

• Research Organization: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
• Sponsoring Organization: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)
• Grant/Contract Number: AC02-06CH11357
• OSTI ID: 3006367
• Journal Information: Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice, Journal Name: Transportation Research, Part A: Policy and Practice Vol. 195; ISSN 0965-8564
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

EV charging modeling
Shared autonomous electric vehicles
agent-based simulation
charging infrastructure planning
public-private partnership (PPP)