Polylactic acid (PLA)-based multifunctional and biodegradable nanocomposites and their applications

Islam, Md Shariful; Elahee, G.M. Fazley; Fang, Yuhui; Yu, Xiong (Bill); Advincula, Rigoberto Castillo; Cao, Changyong (Chase)

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112842

Polylactic acid (PLA)-based multifunctional and biodegradable nanocomposites and their applications

Journal Article · Mon Jul 21 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Composites. Part B, Engineering

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2025.112842· OSTI ID:3002083

^[1]; ^[1]; Fang, Yuhui ^[2]; Yu, Xiong (Bill) ^[1]; Advincula, Rigoberto Castillo ^[3]; ^[1]

Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States)
4D Maker LLC, Okemos, MI (United States)
Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States); Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Polylactic acid (PLA)-based nanocomposites are emerging as multifunctional, biodegradable materials, offering sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based plastics. This review examines recent advancements in PLA nanocomposites, focusing on enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and biodegradability achieved through nanofillers like metallic particles, carbon-based materials, and ceramics. Techniques such as in situ polymerization, melt mixing, and electrospinning enable application-specific improvements. PLA's limitations, including brittleness and low barrier properties, are addressed to support diverse applications: in packaging (e.g., extended shelf life), biomedicine (e.g., degradable implants), and electronics (e.g., flexible devices). Despite challenges with filler dispersion and thermal resistance, continued innovations expand PLA's potential across multiple industries, contributing to a sustainable, circular economy.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDA; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 3002083

Journal Information:: Composites. Part B, Engineering, Journal Name: Composites. Part B, Engineering Vol. 306; ISSN 1359-8368

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Recent advances in production of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nanocomposites: a versatile method to tune crystallization properties of PLA Murariu, Marius; Dechief, Anne-Laure; Ramy-Ratiarison, Rindra Nanocomposites, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1179/2055033214Y.0000000008	journal	December 2014
Inhaled nanomaterials and the respiratory microbiome: clinical, immunological and toxicological perspectives Poh, Tuang Yeow; Ali, Nur A’tikah Binte Mohamed; Mac Aogáin, Micheál Particle and Fibre Toxicology, Vol. 15, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-018-0282-0	journal	November 2018
Lignin valorization: lignin nanoparticles as high-value bio-additive for multifunctional nanocomposites Tian, Dong; Hu, Jinguang; Bao, Jie Biotechnology for Biofuels, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13068-017-0876-z	journal	July 2017
Effect of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma on 3D bone-to-implant contact: a preclinical micro-CT study Song, Dandan; Shujaat, Sohaib; Huang, Yan International Journal of Implant Dentistry, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40729-021-00291-5	journal	February 2021
Correlation between two-dimensional micro-CT and histomorphometry for assessment of the implant osseointegration in rabbit tibia model Lyu, Hao-Zhen; Lee, Jae Hyup Biomaterials Research, Vol. 25, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40824-021-00213-x	journal	February 2021
Preparation and properties of biodegradable polymer/nano-hydroxyapatite bioceramic scaffold for spongy bone regeneration Rahman, Mohammed Mizanur; Shahruzzaman, Md.; Islam, Md. Sazedul Journal of Polymer Engineering, Vol. 39, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0103	journal	September 2018
Effect of electrospinning parameters on the characterization of PLA/HNT nanocomposite fibers Touny, Ahmed H.; Lawrence, Joseph G.; Jones, Andrew D. Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.2010.0122	journal	May 2010
Recent development of plant-derived nanocellulose in polymer nanocomposite foams and multifunctional applications: A mini-review Tanpichai, Supachok Express Polymer Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2022.5	journal	January 2022
Polylactic Acid/Carbon Nanoparticle Composite Filaments for Sensing Silva, Mariana M.; Lopes, Paulo E.; Li, Yilong Applied Sciences, Vol. 11, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062580	journal	March 2021
Physico-Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of PLA/TiO2 Composite Materials Synthesized via Electrospinning and Solution Casting Processes Feng, Shiyi; Zhang, Feng; Ahmed, Saeed Coatings, Vol. 9, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings9080525	journal	August 2019
Multifunctional Material Extrusion 3D-Printed Antibacterial Polylactic Acid (PLA) with Binary Inclusions: The Effect of Cuprous Oxide and Cellulose Nanofibers Petousis, Markos; Vidakis, Nectarios; Mountakis, Nikolaos Fibers, Vol. 10, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.3390/fib10060052	journal	June 2022
The Development of Polylactide Nanocomposites: A Review Purnama, Purba; Saldi, Zaki Saptari; Samsuri, Muhammad Journal of Composites Science, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs8080317	journal	August 2024
Lignin Nanoparticles as A Promising Way for Enhancing Lignin Flame Retardant Effect in Polylactide Chollet, Benjamin; Lopez-Cuesta, José-Marie; Laoutid, Fouad Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132132	journal	July 2019
Photocatalytic Properties of Eco-Friendly ZnO Nanostructures on 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid Scaffolds Sevastaki, Maria; Papadakis, Vassilis M.; Romanitan, Cosmin Nanomaterials, Vol. 11, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010168	journal	January 2021
Three-Dimensional Printed Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Alumina (Al2O3) Nanocomposites with Significantly Enhanced Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Properties Petousis, Markos; Vidakis, Nectarios; Mountakis, Nikolaos Nanomaterials, Vol. 12, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234292	journal	December 2022
The Effect of Nano Zirconium Dioxide (ZrO2)-Optimized Content in Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Matrices on Their Thermomechanical Response in 3D Printing Petousis, Markos; Moutsopoulou, Amalia; Korlos, Apostolos Nanomaterials, Vol. 13, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13131906	journal	June 2023
Graphenic Materials for Biomedical Applications Plachá, Daniela; Jampilek, Josef Nanomaterials, Vol. 9, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/nano9121758	journal	December 2019
Antibacterial, Flexible, and Conductive Membrane Based on MWCNTs/Ag Coated Electro-Spun PLA Nanofibrous Scaffolds as Wearable Fabric for Body Motion Sensing Gan, Lu; Geng, Aobo; Wu, Ying Polymers, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010120	journal	January 2020
Biodegradable, Flexible, and Transparent Conducting Silver Nanowires/Polylactide Film with High Performance for Optoelectronic Devices Wang, Junjun; Yu, Junsheng; Bai, Dongyu Polymers, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12030604	journal	March 2020
Evaluation of Nanocomposite Made of Polylactic Acid and Nanocellulose from Carrot Pomace Modified with Silver Nanoparticles Szymańska-Chargot, Monika; Chylińska, Monika; Pieczywek, Piotr M. Polymers, Vol. 12, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12040812	journal	April 2020
Piezoresistive Properties of 3D-Printed Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nanocomposites Hashemi Sanatgar, Razieh; Cayla, Aurélie; Guan, Jinping Polymers, Vol. 14, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14152981	journal	July 2022
Effect of Micro- and Nano-Lignin on the Thermal, Mechanical, and Antioxidant Properties of Biobased PLA–Lignin Composite Films Makri, Sofia P.; Xanthopoulou, Eleftheria; Klonos, Panagiotis A. Polymers, Vol. 14, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235274	journal	December 2022
Biodegradable Polylactic Acid-Polyhydroxyalkanoate-Based Nanocomposites with Bio-Hydroxyapatite: Preparation and Characterization Injorhor, Preeyaporn; Trongsatitkul, Tatiya; Wittayakun, Jatuporn Polymers, Vol. 15, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051261	journal	March 2023
Nanocomposites with Optimized Polytetrafluoroethylene Content as a Reinforcement Agent in PA12 and PLA for Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing Vidakis, Nectarios; Petousis, Markos; Moutsopoulou, Amalia Polymers, Vol. 15, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132786	journal	June 2023
Development and Characterization of Polylactic Acid (PLA)-Based Nanocomposites Used for Food Packaging Moldovan, Andrei; Cuc, Stanca; Prodan, Doina Polymers, Vol. 15, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132855	journal	June 2023
Medical-Grade PLA Nanocomposites with Optimized Tungsten Carbide Nanofiller Content in MEX Additive Manufacturing: A Rheological, Morphological, and Thermomechanical Evaluation Vidakis, Nectarios; Moutsopoulou, Amalia; Petousis, Markos Polymers, Vol. 15, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15193883	journal	September 2023
Synthesis and Characterization of PLA/Biochar Bio-Composites Containing Different Biochar Types and Content Papadopoulou, Katerina; Klonos, Panagiotis A.; Kyritsis, Apostolos Polymers, Vol. 17, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17030263	journal	January 2025
Novel Electrospun Polylactic Acid Nanocomposite Fiber Mats with Hybrid Graphene Oxide and Nanohydroxyapatite Reinforcements Having Enhanced Biocompatibility Liu, Chen; Wong, Hoi; Yeung, Kelvin Polymers, Vol. 8, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym8080287	journal	August 2016
Resistance Temperature Detectors Fabricated via Dual Fused Deposition Modeling of Polylactic Acid and Polylactic Acid/Carbon Black Composites Jeon, Jei Gyeong; Hong, Gwang-Wook; Park, Hong-Geun Sensors, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051560	journal	February 2021
Multifunctional biodegradable polymer/clay nanocomposites with antibacterial properties in drug delivery systems Rapacz-Kmita, Alicja; Szaraniec, Barbara; Mikołajczyk, Maciej Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, Vol. 22, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.37190/ABB-01523-2019-03	journal	January 2020

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