Dark magnetohydrodynamics: Black hole accretion in superradiant dark photon clouds

Xin, Shuo; Most, Elias R.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.111.063050

Dark magnetohydrodynamics: Black hole accretion in superradiant dark photon clouds

Journal Article · Mon Mar 17 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.111.063050· OSTI ID:2575479

Xin, Shuo ^[1]; ^[2]

SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Black holes threaded by massive vector fields can be subject to a superradiant instability, growing a cloud of massive vector particles around it. In this work, we consider what happens if such a dark matter candidate field mimicking a dark photon interacts with an accretion flow onto the black hole. By including a kinetic mixing term with the standard model photon, we extend the commonly used equations of general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamics to a dark photon constituent. The coupling to the dark photon then appears as an effective dynamo term together with a dark Lorentz force acting on the accreting matter. We numerically study the interactions between the superradiant dark photon cloud and the inner accretion flow by solving the coupled system in full numerical relativity. By parameterically varying the mixing parameter between the dark and standard model sector, we provide a first investigation of how the accretion flow could be modified. In conclusion, depending on the coupling strength, our solutions exhibit increased wind launching, as well as oscillation modes in the disk.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

Other Award/Contract Number:: PHY-2309210
AST-2307394
AST21006
2138259
2138286
2138307
2137603
2138296
PHY210074

OSTI ID:: 2575479

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 111; ISSN 2470-0010; ISSN 2470-0029

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Observational Constraints on Black Hole Spin Reynolds, Christopher S. Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Vol. 59, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-astro-112420-035022	journal	September 2021
Analytic Black Hole Perturbation Approach to Gravitational Radiation Sasaki, Misao; Tagoshi, Hideyuki Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2003-6	journal	November 2003
Foundations of Black Hole Accretion Disk Theory Abramowicz, Marek A.; Fragile, P. Chris Living Reviews in Relativity, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.12942/lrr-2013-1	journal	January 2013
Global Evolution of an Accretion Disk with a Net Vertical Field: Coronal Accretion, Flux Transport, and Disk Winds Zhu, Zhaohuan; Stone, James M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaafc9	journal	April 2018
The Imprint of Superradiance on Hierarchical Black Hole Mergers Payne, Ethan; Sun, Ling; Kremer, Kyle The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 931, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac66df	journal	May 2022
The Photon Ring in M87* Broderick, Avery E.; Pesce, Dominic W.; Gold, Roman The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 935, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c1d	journal	August 2022
The Evolution of Inclined Binary Black Holes in the Disks of Active Galactic Nuclei Dittmann, Alexander J.; Dempsey, Adam M.; Li, Hui The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 964, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad23ce	journal	March 2024
The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project Porth, Oliver; Chatterjee, Koushik; Narayan, Ramesh The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 243, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab29fd	journal	August 2019
General-relativistic Resistive Magnetohydrodynamics with Robust Primitive-variable Recovery for Accretion Disk Simulations Ripperda, B.; Bacchini, F.; Porth, O. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 244, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab3922	journal	September 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. I. The Shadow of the Supermassive Black Hole Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0ec7	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. V. Physical Origin of the Asymmetric Ring Akiyama, Kazunori; Alberdi, Antxon; Alef, Walter The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 875, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab0f43	journal	April 2019
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VIII. Magnetic Field Structure near The Event Horizon Akiyama, Kazunori; Algaba, Juan Carlos; Alberdi, Antxon The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 910, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abe4de	journal	March 2021
Black Hole Flares: Ejection of Accreted Magnetic Flux through 3D Plasmoid-mediated Reconnection Ripperda, B.; Liska, M.; Chatterjee, K. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 924, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac46a1	journal	January 2022
Hydrodynamical Simulations of Black Hole Binary Formation in AGN Disks Li, Jiaru; Dempsey, Adam M.; Li, Hui The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 944, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acb934	journal	February 2023
Crustal Magnetic Fields Do Not Lead to Large Magnetic-field Amplifications in Binary Neutron Star Mergers Chabanov, Michail; Tootle, Samuel D.; Most, Elias R. The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 945, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acbbc5	journal	March 2023
Flares, Jets, and Quasiperiodic Outbursts from Neutron Star Merger Remnants Most, Elias R.; Quataert, Eliot The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 947, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acca84	journal	April 2023

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