Dark photon superradiance: Electrodynamics and multimessenger signals

Siemonsen, Nils; Mondino, Cristina; Egaña-Ugrinovic, Daniel; Huang, Junwu; Baryakhtar, Masha; East, William E.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.107.075025

Dark photon superradiance: Electrodynamics and multimessenger signals

Journal Article · Thu Apr 20 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Physical Review. D.

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.107.075025· OSTI ID:2349087

^[1]; ^[2]; Egaña-Ugrinovic, Daniel ^[2]; ^[2]; Baryakhtar, Masha ^[3]; East, William E. ^[2]

Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada); Queen's Univ., Kingston, ON (Canada); Univ. of Waterloo, ON (Canada); University of Washington, Seattle WA (United States)
Perimeter Inst. for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, ON (Canada)
Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

We study the electrodynamics of a kinetically mixed dark photon cloud that forms through superradiance around a spinning black hole, and design strategies to search for the resulting multimessenger signals. A dark photon superradiance cloud sources a rotating dark electromagnetic field which, through kinetic mixing, induces a rotating visible electromagnetic field. Standard model charged particles entering this field initiate a transient phase of particle production that populates a plasma inside the cloud and leads to a system which shares qualitative features with a pulsar magnetosphere. We study the electrodynamics of the dark photon cloud with resistive magnetohydrodynamics methods applicable to highly magnetized plasma, adapting techniques from simulations of pulsar magnetospheres. We identify turbulent magnetic field reconnection as the main source of dissipation and electromagnetic emission, and compute the peak luminosity from clouds around solar-mass black holes to be as large as 10⁴³ erg/s for observationally allowed dark photon parameter space. The emission is expected to have a significant x-ray component and to potentially be periodic, with period set by the dark photon mass. The luminosity is comparable to the brightest x-ray sources in the Universe, allowing for searches at distances of up to hundreds of Mpc with existing telescopes. Finally, we discuss observational strategies, including targeted electromagnetic follow-ups of solar-mass black hole mergers and targeted continuous gravitational wave searches of anomalous pulsars.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-00ER41132; SC0022348

OSTI ID:: 2349087

Journal Information:: Physical Review. D., Journal Name: Physical Review. D. Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 107; ISSN 2470-0010

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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