Effect of molecular permanent dipole moment on guest aggregation and exciton quenching in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

Niyonkuru, Paul; Bennett, Roland A.; Zachman, Michael J.; Zimmerman, Jeramy D.

doi:10.1063/5.0201560

Effect of molecular permanent dipole moment on guest aggregation and exciton quenching in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

Journal Article · Mon Jun 24 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Journal of Chemical Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0201560· OSTI ID:2573528

^[1]; Bennett, Roland A. ^[1]; ^[2]; ^[1]

Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

This study explores the effect of molecular permanent dipole moment (PDM) on aggregation of guest molecules in phosphorescent host–guest organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Through a combination of photoluminescence measurements, high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis, and an Ising model based physical vapor-deposition simulation, we show that higher PDM of tris[2-phenylpyridinato-C2,N]iridium(III) guest can actually lead to a reduced aggregation relative to tris[bis[2-(2-pyridinyl-N)phenyl-C] (acetylacetonato)iridium(III) when doped into a non-polar host 1,3,5-tris(carbazol-9-yl)benzene. This study further explores the effect of host polarity by using a polar host 3′,5′-di(carbazol-9-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-3,5-dicarbonitrile, and it is shown that the polar host leads to reduced guest aggregation. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the impact of molecular PDM on OLED material efficiency and stability, providing insights for optimizing phosphorescent OLED materials.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0018021; AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2573528

Journal Information:: Journal of Chemical Physics, Journal Name: Journal of Chemical Physics Journal Issue: 24 Vol. 160; ISSN 1089-7690; ISSN 0021-9606

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (49)

Effect of Triplet Confinement on Triplet-Triplet Annihilation in Organic Phosphorescent Host-Guest Systems Ligthart, Arnout; de Vries, Xander; Zhang, Le Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 52 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201804618	journal	November 2018
Molecular‐Scale Strategies to Achieve High Efficiency and Low Efficiency Roll‐off in Simplified Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Kim, Young‐Hoon; Han, Tae‐Hee; Lee, Changsoo Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 46 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202005292	journal	September 2020
Improved High-Brightness Efficiency of Phosphorescent Organic LEDs Comprising Emitter Molecules with Small Permanent Dipole Moments Reineke, Sebastian; Rosenow, Thomas C.; Lüssem, Björn Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201000529	journal	June 2010
A Universal Host Material for High External Quantum Efficiency Close to 25% and Long Lifetime in Green Fluorescent and Phosphorescent OLEDs Cho, Yong Joo; Yook, Kyoung Soo; Lee, Jun Yeob Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201400347	journal	April 2014
Identification of the Key Parameters for Horizontal Transition Dipole Orientation in Fluorescent and TADF Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Tenopala‐Carmona, Francisco; Lee, Oliver S.; Crovini, Ettore Advanced Materials, Vol. 33, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202100677	journal	August 2021
Atomically Dispersed Dual‐Metal Site Catalysts for Enhanced CO₂ Reduction: Mechanistic Insight into Active Site Structures Li, Yi; Shan, Weitao; Zachman, Michael J. Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 134, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.202205632	journal	May 2022
Anomalous spin diffusion in ferromagnetic spin systems Kawasaki, Kyozi Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 28, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(67)90071-6	journal	July 1967
On the Use of Ripley's K-Function and Its Derivatives to Analyze Domain Size Kiskowski, Maria A.; Hancock, John F.; Kenworthy, Anne K. Biophysical Journal, Vol. 97, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2009.05.039	journal	August 2009
Triplet energy exchange between fluorescent and phosphorescent organic molecules in a solid state matrix Kalinowski, J.; Stampor, W.; Cocchi, M. Chemical Physics, Vol. 297, Issue 1-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemphys.2003.09.041	journal	February 2004
Triplet states in organic semiconductors Köhler, A.; Bässler, H. Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Vol. 66, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mser.2009.09.001	journal	November 2009
Energy transfer between Ir(ppy)₃ molecules in neat film and concentration quenching of phosphorescence Tsuboi, Taiju; Aljaroudi, Nadeer Optical Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 9, p. 1375-1381 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optmat.2007.07.006	journal	May 2008
Three dimensional cluster analysis for atom probe tomography using Ripley’s K-function and machine learning Vincent, Galen B.; Proudian, Andrew P.; Zimmerman, Jeramy D. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 220 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113151	journal	January 2021
Cluster characterization in atom probe tomography: Machine learning using multiple summary functions Bennett, Roland A.; Proudian, Andrew P.; Zimmerman, Jeramy D. Ultramicroscopy, Vol. 247 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113687	journal	May 2023
Formation of triplet excimers and dimers in amorphous organic thin films and light emitting devices D’Andrade, Brian; Forrest, Stephen R. Chemical Physics, Vol. 286, Issue 2-3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0301-0104(02)00921-7	journal	January 2003
Electroluminescence from triplet metal—ligand charge-transfer excited state of transition metal complexes Ma, Yuguang; Zhang, Houyu; Shen, Jiacong Synthetic Metals, Vol. 94, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(97)04166-0	journal	May 1998
Anisotropic Vapor-Deposited Glasses: Hybrid Organic Solids Ediger, M. D.; de Pablo, Juan; Yu, Lian Accounts of Chemical Research, Vol. 52, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00513	journal	January 2019
Molecular Orientation for Vapor-Deposited Organic Glasses Follows Rate-Temperature Superposition: The Case of Posaconazole Bishop, Camille; Li, Yuhui; Toney, Michael F. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 124, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c00625	journal	March 2020
Hydrogen Bonding Slows Down Surface Diffusion of Molecular Glasses Chen, Yinshan; Zhang, Wei; Yu, Lian The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 120, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b05658	journal	August 2016
Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Kinetic Stability of Vapor-Deposited Glasses of Triazine Derivatives Laventure, Audrey; Gujral, Ankit; Lebel, Olivier The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 121, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b12676	journal	March 2017
Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Surface Diffusion of Molecular Glasses: Comparison of Three Triazines Chen, Yinshan; Zhu, Men; Laventure, Audrey The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 121, Issue 29 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05333	journal	July 2017
Controlling Structure and Properties of Vapor-Deposited Glasses of Organic Semiconductors: Recent Advances and Challenges Bagchi, Kushal; Ediger, M. D. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01682	journal	July 2020
Self-Assembly of the Chiral Donor–Acceptor Molecule DCzDCN on Cu(100) Ranecki, Robert; Baumann, Benedikt; Lach, Stefan ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 16, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c16918	journal	February 2024
The Triplet State of fac -Ir(ppy) ₃ Hofbeck, Thomas; Yersin, Hartmut Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 49, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic100872w	journal	October 2010
Matrix Effects on the Triplet State of the OLED Emitter Ir(4,6-dFppy) ₂ (pic) (FIrpic): Investigations by High-Resolution Optical Spectroscopy Rausch, Andreas F.; Thompson, Mark E.; Yersin, Hartmut Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 48, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/ic801250g	journal	March 2009
Photophysics of Fac-Tris(2-Phenylpyridine) Iridium(III) Cored Electroluminescent Dendrimers in Solution and Films Namdas, Ebinazar B.; Ruseckas, Arvydas; Samuel, Ifor D. W. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp035664k	journal	January 2004
Intermolecular Interactions and Aggregation of fac -Tris(2-phenylpyridinato- C ² , N )iridium(III) in Nonpolar Solvents Takayasu, Satoshi; Suzuki, Takayoshi; Shinozaki, Kazuteru The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 117, Issue 32 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp403974h	journal	August 2013
Surface Self-Diffusion of Organic Glasses Brian, Caleb W.; Yu, Lian The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol. 117, Issue 50 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp404944s	journal	August 2013
Dynamical Monte Carlo Modelling of Organic Solar Cells: The Dependence of Internal Quantum Efficiency on Morphology Watkins, Peter K.; Walker, Alison B.; Verschoor, Geraldine L. B. Nano Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl051098o	journal	September 2005
Highly efficient phosphorescent emission from organic electroluminescent devices Baldo, M. A.; O'Brien, D. F.; You, Y. Nature, Vol. 395, Issue 6698, p. 151-154 https://doi.org/10.1038/25954	journal	September 1998
Efficient bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells using small-molecular-weight organic thin films Peumans, Peter; Uchida, Soichi; Forrest, Stephen R. Nature, Vol. 425, Issue 6954 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01949	journal	September 2003
Conservation laws, radiative decay rates and excited state localization in organometallic complexes with strong spin-orbit coupling Powell, B. J. Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10815	journal	June 2015
Blue-shifting the monomer and excimer phosphorescence of tridentate cyclometallated platinum(ii) complexes for optimal white-light OLEDs Murphy, Lisa; Brulatti, Pierpaolo; Fattori, Valeria Chemical Communications, Vol. 48, Issue 47 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc31330h	journal	January 2012
Comparing surface and bulk flow of a molecular glass former Daley, C. R.; Fakhraai, Z.; Ediger, M. D. Soft Matter, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c2sm06826e	journal	January 2012
Advantages and disadvantages of vacuum-deposited and spin-coated amorphous organic semiconductor films for organic light-emitting diodes Shibata, Maki; Sakai, Yoshiya; Yokoyama, Daisuke Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 3, Issue 42 https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc01911g	journal	January 2015
Quantum materials with strong spin–orbit coupling: challenges and opportunities for materials chemists Browne, Alexander J.; Krajewska, Aleksandra; Gibbs, Alexandra S. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 9, Issue 35 https://doi.org/10.1039/d1tc02070f	journal	January 2021
100% phosphorescence quantum efficiency of Ir(III) complexes in organic semiconductor films Kawamura, Yuichiro; Goushi, Kenichi; Brooks, Jason Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 86, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1862777	journal	January 2005
Influence of substrate temperature on the stability of glasses prepared by vapor deposition Kearns, Kenneth L.; Swallen, Stephen F.; Ediger, M. D. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 127, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2789438	journal	October 2007
Highly phosphorescent organic mixed films: The effect of aggregation on triplet-triplet annihilation Reineke, Sebastian; Schwartz, Gregor; Walzer, Karsten Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 94, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3123815	journal	April 2009
Sensitivity of the photophysical properties of organometallic complexes to small chemical changes Jacko, A. C.; Powell, B. J.; McKenzie, Ross H. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 133, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3480981	journal	September 2010
How much time is needed to form a kinetically stable glass? AC calorimetric study of vapor-deposited glasses of ethylcyclohexane Chua, Y. Z.; Ahrenberg, M.; Tylinski, M. The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 142, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4906806	journal	February 2015
Surface diffusion and surface crystal growth of tris -naphthyl benzene glasses Ruan, Shigang; Zhang, Wei; Sun, Ye The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 145, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4960301	journal	August 2016
Using deposition rate to increase the thermal and kinetic stability of vapor-deposited hole transport layer glasses via a simple sublimation apparatus Kearns, Kenneth L.; Krzyskowski, Paige; Devereaux, Zachary The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 146, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4979814	journal	May 2017
Effect of molecular size and hydrogen bonding on three surface-facilitated processes in molecular glasses: Surface diffusion, surface crystal growth, and formation of stable glasses by vapor deposition Chen, Yinshan; Chen, Zhenxuan; Tylinski, Michael The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 150, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5079441	journal	January 2019
Decoupling of surface diffusion and relaxation dynamics of molecular glasses Zhang, Yue; Fakhraai, Zahra Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1701400114	journal	April 2017
Effects of microstructure formation on the stability of vapor-deposited glasses Moore, Alex R.; Huang, Georgia; Wolf, Sarah Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 116, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821761116	journal	March 2019
Efficient Generation of Model Bulk Heterojunction Morphologies for Organic Photovoltaic Device Modeling Heiber, Michael C.; Dhinojwala, Ali Physical Review Applied, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevapplied.2.014008	journal	July 2014
Intermolecular Interaction and a Concentration-Quenching Mechanism of Phosphorescent Ir(III) Complexes in a Solid Film Kawamura, Yuichiro; Brooks, Jason; Brown, Julie J. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 96, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.96.017404	journal	January 2006
Unusual Phosphorescence Characteristics of Ir(ppy)₃ in a Solid Matrix at Low Temperatures Goushi, Kenichi; Kawamura, Yuichiro; Sasabe, Hiroyuki Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 7A https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.43.l937	journal	June 2004
Temperature Dependence of Photoluminescence Lifetime and Quantum Efficiency in Neat fac-Ir(ppy)₃ Thin Films Kobayashi, Takashi; Ide, Noritaka; Matsusue, Noriyuki Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 44, Issue 4R https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.1966	journal	April 2005

Similar Records

Understanding molecular fragmentation in blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices

Journal Article · Sat Oct 06 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · Organic Electronics · OSTI ID:1735853

Unraveling the Fate of Host Excitons in Host-Guest Phosphorescent Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Journal Article · Fri Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2019 · Journal of Physical Chemistry. C · OSTI ID:1505181

Blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices utilizing cesium–carbonate-doped 2,4,6-tris(2',4'-difluoro-[1,1'- biphenyl]-4-yl)-1,3,5-triazine

Journal Article · Wed Jan 19 23:00:00 EST 2011 · Journal of Photonics for Energy, 1:Art. No. 011008 · OSTI ID:1025670

Related Subjects

Aggregation kinetics
Chemical physics
Doping
Excitons
Fluorescence quenching
Organic light emitting devices
Photoluminescence
Physical vapor deposition
Spatial analysis
Transmission electron microscopy

Effect of molecular permanent dipole moment on guest aggregation and exciton quenching in phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes

Citation Formats

References (49)

Similar Records

Related Subjects