High-Energy, High-Power Sodium-Ion Batteries from a Layered Organic Cathode

Chen, Tianyang; Wang, Jiande; Tan, Bowen; Zhang, Kimberly J.; Banda, Harish; Zhang, Yugang; Kim, Dong-Ha; Dincă, Mircea

doi:10.1021/jacs.4c17713

High-Energy, High-Power Sodium-Ion Batteries from a Layered Organic Cathode

Journal Article · Tue Feb 04 00:00:00 EST 2025 · Journal of the American Chemical Society

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.4c17713· OSTI ID:2555706

^[1]; Wang, Jiande ^[1]; ^[1]; Zhang, Kimberly J. ^[1]; Banda, Harish ^[1]; ^[2]; Kim, Dong-Ha ^[1]; ^[1]

Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Center for Functional Nanomaterials (CFN)

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) attract significant attention due to their potential as an alternative energy storage solution, yet challenges persist due to the limited energy density of existing cathode materials. In principle, redox-active organic materials can tackle this challenge because of their high theoretical energy densities. However, electrode-level energy densities of organic electrodes are compromised due to their poor electron/ion transport and severe dissolution. Here, we report the use of a low-bandgap, conductive, and highly insoluble layered metal-free cathode material for SIBs. It exhibits a high theoretical capacity of 355 mAh g^–1 per formula unit, enabled by a four-electron redox process, and achieves an electrode-level energy density of 606 Wh kg^–1_electrode (90 wt % active material) along with excellent cycling stability. It allows for facile two-dimensional Na+ diffusion, which enables a high intrinsic rate capability. Growth of the active cathode material in the presence of as little as 2 wt % carboxyl-functionalized carbon nanotubes improves charge transport and charge transfer kinetics and further enhances the power performance. Altogether, these allow the construction of SIB cells built from an affordable, sustainable organic small molecule, which provide a cathode energy density of 472 Wh kg^–1_electrode when charging/discharging in 90 s and a top specific power of 31.6 kW kg^–1_electrode.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 2555706

Report Number(s):: BNL--227946-2025-JAAM

Journal Information:: Journal of the American Chemical Society, Journal Name: Journal of the American Chemical Society Journal Issue: 7 Vol. 147; ISSN 0002-7863

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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