High-performance sodium–organic battery by realizing four-sodium storage in disodium rhodizonate

Lee, Minah; Hong, Jihyun; Lopez, Jeffrey; Sun, Yongming; Feng, Dawei; Lim, Kipil; Chueh, William C.; Toney, Michael F.; Cui, Yi; Bao, Zhenan

doi:10.1038/s41560-017-0014-y

High-performance sodium–organic battery by realizing four-sodium storage in disodium rhodizonate

Journal Article · Mon Oct 09 00:00:00 EDT 2017 · Nature Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-017-0014-y· OSTI ID:1425914

^[1]; Hong, Jihyun ^[2]; ^[1]; Sun, Yongming ^[3]; Feng, Dawei ^[1]; Lim, Kipil ^[2]; Chueh, William C. ^[3]; ^[4]; Cui, Yi ^[3]; Bao, Zhenan ^[1]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemical Engineering
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) for grid-scale applications need active materials that combine a high energy density with sustainability. Given the high theoretical specific capacity 501 mAh g^-1, and Earth abundance of disodium rhodizonate (Na₂C₆O₆), it is one of the most promising cathodes for SIBs. However, substantially lower reversible capacities have been obtained compared with the theoretical value and the understanding of this discrepancy has been limited. In this paper, we reveal that irreversible phase transformation of Na₂C₆O₆ during cycling is the origin of the deteriorating redox activity of Na₂C₆O₆. The active-particle size and electrolyte conditions were identified as key factors to decrease the activation barrier of the phase transformation during desodiation. Finally, on the basis of this understanding, we achieved four-sodium storage in a Na₂C₆O₆ electrode with a reversible capacity of 484 mAh g^-1, an energy density of 726 Wh kg^-1_cathode, an energy efficiency above 87% and a good cycle retention.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); National Science Foundation (NSF) (United States); National Research Foundation of Korea

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515

OSTI ID:: 1425914

Journal Information:: Nature Energy, Journal Name: Nature Energy Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 2; ISSN 2058-7546

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Facile self-templated synthesis of P2-type Na _0.7 CoO ₂ microsheets as a long-term cathode for high-energy sodium-ion batteries Peng, Bo; Sun, Zhihao; Jiao, Shuhong Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02966d	journal	January 2019
Organic quinones towards advanced electrochemical energy storage: recent advances and challenges Han, Cuiping; Li, Hongfei; Shi, Ruiying Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 7, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta05252f	journal	January 2019
Phosphorus-doped porous hollow carbon nanorods for high-performance sodium-based dual-ion batteries Wang, Xiaoyan; Wang, Shaofeng; Shen, Kaixiang Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 8, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9ta11246d	journal	January 2020
Electrode Materials for High-Performance Sodium-Ion Batteries Mukherjee, Santanu; Bin Mujib, Shakir; Soares, Davi Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12121952	journal	June 2019

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