Energy storage planning for enhanced resilience of power systems against wildfires and heatwaves

Oikonomou, Konstantinos; Maloney, Patrick R.; Bhattacharya, Saptarshi; Holzer, Jesse T.; Anderson, Osten P.; Ke, Xinda; Westman, Jan; Burleyson, Casey D.; Datta, Sohom; Twitchell, Jeremy B.; Wu, Di

doi:10.1016/j.est.2025.116074

Energy storage planning for enhanced resilience of power systems against wildfires and heatwaves

Journal Article · Mon Mar 24 00:00:00 EDT 2025 · Journal of Energy Storage

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2025.116074· OSTI ID:2553021

^[1]; Maloney, Patrick R. ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Anderson, Osten P. ^[1]; Ke, Xinda ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; ^[1]; Twitchell, Jeremy B. ^[1]; ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Extreme weather events pose significant risks to power grid stability due to their severe consequences and potential for widespread failures. Energy storage systems hold great potential for enhancing grid resilience against such events by providing reliable power during peak demand periods. However, accurately quantifying the size, location, and investment costs of new energy storage assets is a complex task, as energy storage planning decisions depend on the investment choices of other generation technologies and the integration of new transmission projects. Here, this paper presents a novel capacity expansion planning framework that simultaneously optimizes investments in energy storage, generation, and transmission, determining their optimal size, location, and type, while incorporating extreme weather events into long-term planning. More specifically, our stress-event-informed planning framework integrates the impact of heatwaves and wildfires into the planning process, identifying least-cost investment solutions that comply with policy goals and enhance grid resilience. The proposed framework employs machine-learning-based modeling to project heatwave-induced loads and performance-based risk assessment to evaluate wildfire-driven transmission line derates. Using industry-standard datasets to accurately represent the transmission topology of the Western Interconnection (WI) system, the proposed framework is applied to the WI 40-zone system, with investment decisions reported for the years 2030, 2035, and 2040. Simulation results reveal that with just a 10% increase in investment costs, resilience against extreme events can be significantly improved, with investment decisions heavily favoring energy storage, particularly 4-hour energy storage systems.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2553021

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--200219

Journal Information:: Journal of Energy Storage, Journal Name: Journal of Energy Storage Vol. 119; ISSN 2352-152X

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
Capacity expansion planning
Energy storage
Extreme weather events
Grid resilience

Energy storage planning for enhanced resilience of power systems against wildfires and heatwaves

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References (32)

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