Small-Signal Stability of Grid-Forming Inverters Using Current-Limiting and Frequency Stabilization

Yang, Bowen; Baeckeland, Nathan; Seo, Gab-Su

doi:10.1109/ECCE55643.2024.10861654

Small-Signal Stability of Grid-Forming Inverters Using Current-Limiting and Frequency Stabilization

Conference · Mon Feb 10 04:00:00 EST 2025

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE55643.2024.10861654· OSTI ID:2544234

Yang, Bowen; Baeckeland, Nathan; Seo, Gab-Su

This paper presents a small-signal stability analysis of grid-forming (GFM) inverters under current-limiting conditions. It examines how adjustments in virtual impedance angles, implemented through advanced current-limiting and frequency stabilization techniques, influence small-signal stability. This paper studies a GFM inverter control integrating a fictitious power technique stabilizing primary control by adding a virtual power term and a hybrid current limiter integrating virtual impedance in the anti-wind-up feedback with current reference saturation limiting. A small-signal model is developed to assess the impact of virtual impedance angles on GFM inverter dynamics during grid disturbances, such as voltage drops. The findings indicate that although increasing the virtual impedance angle (to make it more inductive) enhances large-signal stability and voltage support during faults, it can induce oscillations and lead to instability if the angle exceeds certain thresholds. Based on the small-signal models, this paper provides design considerations for the current-limiter impedances to ensure reliable GFM inverter behavior under grid disturbances while maintaining small-signal stability.

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Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office; USDOE Grid Modernization Laboratory Consortium (GMLC)

DOE Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; AC36-08GO28308

OSTI ID:: 2544234

Report Number(s):: NREL/CP-5D00-94106; MainId:95888; UUID:e10775da-4f58-47ff-9651-0956d7f979c7; MainAdminId:76517

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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POWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION
current limiting
fault ride-through
grid-forming inverter
power-angle curve
small-signal stability
virtual impedance

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