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CRISPR Tools for Engineering Prokaryotic Systems: Recent Advances and New Applications

Journal Article · · Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

In the past decades, the broad selection of CRISPR-Cas systems has revolutionized biotechnology by enabling multimodal genetic manipulation in diverse organisms. Rooted in a molecular engineering perspective, we recapitulate the different CRISPR components and how they can be designed for specific genetic engineering applications. We first introduce the repertoire of Cas proteins and tethered effectors used to program new biological functions through gene editing and gene regulation. We review current guide RNA (gRNA) design strategies and computational tools and how CRISPR-based genetic circuits can be constructed through regulated gRNA expression. Then, we present recent advances in CRISPR-based biosensing, bioproduction, and biotherapeutics across in vitro and in vivo prokaryotic systems. Finally, we discuss forthcoming applications in prokaryotic CRISPR technology that will transform synthetic biology principles in the near future.

Research Organization:
University of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO); USDOE Advanced Research Projects Agency - Energy (ARPA-E); US National Science Foundation (NSF)
Grant/Contract Number:
EE0008927; SC0023091
OSTI ID:
2530757
Journal Information:
Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Journal Name: Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 15; ISSN 1947-5438
Publisher:
Annual ReviewsCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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A versatile genetic engineering toolkit for E. coli based on CRISPR-prime editing journal September 2021
Genetically stable CRISPR-based kill switches for engineered microbes journal February 2022
CRISPR-assisted rational flux-tuning and arrayed CRISPRi screening of an l-proline exporter for l-proline hyperproduction journal February 2022
Reprogrammed tracrRNAs enable repurposing of RNAs as crRNAs and sequence-specific RNA biosensors journal April 2022
CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA activity depends on free energy changes and on the target PAM context journal May 2022
Cell-free prototyping enables implementation of optimized reverse β-oxidation pathways in heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria journal June 2022
Modular (de)construction of complex bacterial phenotypes by CRISPR/nCas9-assisted, multiplex cytidine base-editing journal May 2022
Multiplex base editing to convert TAG into TAA codons in the human genome journal August 2022
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Engineering microbial division of labor for plastic upcycling journal September 2023
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Clinical validation of a Cas13-based assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA journal August 2020
CRISPR-based diagnostics journal July 2021
Deaminase-mediated multiplex genome editing in Escherichia coli journal February 2018
Bacteriophage genome engineering with CRISPR–Cas13a journal October 2022
Broad-spectrum CRISPR-Cas13a enables efficient phage genome editing journal October 2022
Base editing: advances and therapeutic opportunities journal October 2020
Cell-free gene expression: an expanded repertoire of applications journal November 2019
Engineered living biomaterials journal August 2021
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Wearable materials with embedded synthetic biology sensors for biomolecule detection journal June 2021
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RNA recording in single bacterial cells using reprogrammed tracrRNAs journal January 2023
Riboregulated toehold-gated gRNA for programmable CRISPR–Cas9 function journal December 2018
Cryo-EM structure of the RNA-guided ribonuclease Cas12g journal January 2021
Continuous directed evolution of a compact CjCas9 variant with broad PAM compatibility journal September 2023
Programmable RNA editing with compact CRISPR–Cas13 systems from uncultivated microbes journal May 2021
SHERLOCK: nucleic acid detection with CRISPR nucleases journal September 2019
Structure-based design of gRNA for Cas13 journal July 2020
Bacterial resistance to CRISPR-Cas antimicrobials journal August 2021
Highly efficient base editing in bacteria using a Cas9-cytidine deaminase fusion journal April 2018
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CRMAGE: CRISPR Optimized MAGE Recombineering journal January 2016
Programmable adenine deamination in bacteria using a Cas9–adenine-deaminase fusion journal January 2020
A CRISPR/Cas9-based central processing unit to program complex logic computation in human cells journal March 2019
Development of an autonomous and bifunctional quorum-sensing circuit for metabolic flux control in engineered Escherichia coli journal December 2019
Efficient CRISPR-mediated base editing in Agrobacterium spp. journal December 2020
Genome-wide CRISPRi screen identifies enhanced autolithotrophic phenotypes in acetogenic bacterium Eubacterium limosum journal January 2023
Engineering activatable promoters for scalable and multi-input CRISPRa/i circuits journal July 2023
RNA editing in bacteria: occurrence, regulation and significance journal July 2018
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EditR: A Method to Quantify Base Editing from Sanger Sequencing journal June 2018
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APOBEC Reporter Systems for Evaluating diNucleotide Editing Levels journal October 2023
Applications of CRISPR-Cas systems in lactic acid bacteria journal May 2020
Engineering a CRISPR interference system targeting AcrAB-TolC efflux pump to prevent multidrug resistance development in Escherichia coli journal June 2022
Improved LbCas12a variants with altered PAM specificities further broaden the genome targeting range of Cas12a nucleases journal February 2020
Development of a genetic toolset for the highly engineerable and metabolically versatile Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 journal April 2020
PAM recognition by miniature CRISPR–Cas12f nucleases triggers programmable double-stranded DNA target cleavage journal April 2020
5′ modifications to CRISPR–Cas9 gRNA can change the dynamics and size of R-loops and inhibit DNA cleavage journal June 2020
Developing an endogenous quorum-sensing based CRISPRi circuit for autonomous and tunable dynamic regulation of multiple targets in Streptomyces journal July 2020
SPRINT: a Cas13a-based platform for detection of small molecules journal August 2020
Conditional guide RNA through two intermediate hairpins for programmable CRISPR/Cas9 function: building regulatory connections between endogenous RNA expressions journal October 2020
Sequence-independent RNA sensing and DNA targeting by a split domain CRISPR–Cas12a gRNA switch journal February 2021
Rational engineering of a modular bacterial CRISPR–Cas activation platform with expanded target range journal April 2021
Decoupling the bridge helix of Cas12a results in a reduced trimming activity, increased mismatch sensitivity and impaired conformational transitions journal May 2021
CRISPRi-based programmable logic inverter cascade for antibiotic-free selection and maintenance of multiple plasmids journal December 2022
Improved genome editing by an engineered CRISPR-Cas12a journal December 2022
Spacer2PAM: A computational framework to guide experimental determination of functional CRISPR-Cas system PAM sequences journal March 2022
Activating cryptic biosynthetic gene cluster through a CRISPR–Cas12a-mediated direct cloning approach journal March 2022
Activating natural product synthesis using CRISPR interference and activation systems in Streptomyces journal July 2022
CRISPR-RNAa: targeted activation of translation using dCas13 fusions to translation initiation factors journal August 2022
CRISPRactivation-SMS, a message for PAM sequence independent gene up-regulation in Escherichia coli journal September 2022
Efficient gene activation in plants by the MoonTag programmable transcriptional activator journal May 2023
Phylogeny of Cas9 determines functional exchangeability of dual-RNA and Cas9 among orthologous type II CRISPR-Cas systems journal November 2013
Programmable repression and activation of bacterial gene expression using an engineered CRISPR-Cas system journal June 2013
Regulation of the Type I-F CRISPR-Cas system by CRP-cAMP and GalM controls spacer acquisition and interference journal May 2015
CRISPR-assisted multi-dimensional regulation for fine-tuning gene expression in Bacillus subtilis journal February 2019
Design of a programmable biosensor-CRISPRi genetic circuits for dynamic and autonomous dual-control of metabolic flux in Bacillus subtilis journal December 2019
De novo design of programmable inducible promoters journal September 2019
Epigenetic features drastically impact CRISPR–Cas9 efficacy in plants journal June 2022
Modular cell-free expression plasmids to accelerate biological design in cells journal January 2020
Transcriptional control of Clostridium autoethanogenum using CRISPRi journal January 2021
The all-E. coliTXTL toolbox 3.0: new capabilities of a cell-free synthetic biology platform journal August 2021
Rewiring cell-free metabolic flux inE. colilysates using a block—push—pull approach journal April 2023
Editing the microbiome the CRISPR way journal March 2019
CRISPR/Cas12a‐mediated genome engineering in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus journal March 2021
Envelope stress is a trigger of CRISPR RNA-mediated DNA silencing in Escherichia coli: Envelope stress triggers CRISPR silencing journal December 2010
Minimal PAM specificity of a highly similar SpCas9 ortholog journal October 2018
On-demand biomanufacturing of protective conjugate vaccines journal February 2021
A highly specific CRISPR-Cas12j nuclease enables allele-specific genome editing journal February 2023
A Programmable Dual-RNA-Guided DNA Endonuclease in Adaptive Bacterial Immunity journal June 2012
Rationally engineered Cas9 nucleases with improved specificity journal December 2015
C2c2 is a single-component programmable RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR effector journal June 2016
Targeted nucleotide editing using hybrid prokaryotic and vertebrate adaptive immune systems journal August 2016
A synthetic pathway for the fixation of carbon dioxide in vitro journal November 2016
Kinetics of dCas9 target search in Escherichia coli journal September 2017
Nucleic acid detection with CRISPR-Cas13a/C2c2 journal April 2017
Multiplexed and portable nucleic acid detection platform with Cas13, Cas12a, and Csm6 journal February 2018
RNA editing with CRISPR-Cas13 journal October 2017
CRISPR-Cas12a target binding unleashes indiscriminate single-stranded DNase activity journal February 2018
Field-deployable viral diagnostics using CRISPR-Cas13 journal April 2018
Engineered CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease with expanded targeting space journal August 2018
Functionally diverse type V CRISPR-Cas systems journal December 2018
RNA-guided DNA insertion with CRISPR-associated transposases journal June 2019
Microbial single-cell RNA sequencing by split-pool barcoding journal February 2021
Unconstrained genome targeting with near-PAMless engineered CRISPR-Cas9 variants journal March 2020
CRISPR-CasΦ from huge phages is a hypercompact genome editor journal July 2020
Noncanonical crRNAs derived from host transcripts enable multiplexable RNA detection by Cas9 journal May 2021
CRISPR activation and interference screens decode stimulation responses in primary human T cells journal February 2022
Noninvasive assessment of gut function using transcriptional recording sentinel cells journal May 2022
Craspase is a CRISPR RNA-guided, RNA-activated protease journal September 2022
Diversity, Activity, and Evolution of CRISPR Loci in Streptococcus thermophilus journal December 2007
CRISPR-Based Biosensing Strategies: Technical Development and Application Prospects journal June 2023
Designing Biological Circuits: Synthetic Biology Within the Operon Model and Beyond journal June 2021
CRISPR/Cas9 in Genome Editing and Beyond journal June 2016
Applications of CRISPR Technologies Across the Food Supply Chain journal March 2019
CRISPR-Based Tools in Immunity journal April 2019
Revisiting operons: an analysis of the landscape of transcriptional units in E. coli journal November 2015
Web-based design and analysis tools for CRISPR base editing journal December 2018
Prediction of sgRNA on-target activity in bacteria by deep learning journal October 2019
CRISPR/dCas9-mediated transcriptional improvement of the biosynthetic gene cluster for the epothilone production in Myxococcus xanthus journal January 2018
Efficient Cas9-based genome editing of Rhodobacter sphaeroides for metabolic engineering journal November 2019
CRISPR/Cas9-deaminase enables robust base editing in Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 journal April 2020
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Improved prediction of bacterial CRISPRi guide efficiency from depletion screens through mixed-effect machine learning and data integration journal January 2024
Genome editing of Ralstonia eutropha using an electroporation-based CRISPR-Cas9 technique journal June 2018
Aptamer-based CRISPR-Cas powered diagnostics of diverse biomarkers and small molecule targets journal February 2023
A compact Cas9 ortholog from Staphylococcus Auricularis (SauriCas9) expands the DNA targeting scope journal March 2020
Optimal number of spacers in CRISPR arrays journal December 2017
Evidence of Selection upon Genomic GC-Content in Bacteria journal September 2010
Nonlinear Fitness Landscape of a Molecular Pathway journal July 2011
Cytotoxic Chromosomal Targeting by CRISPR/Cas Systems Can Reshape Bacterial Genomes and Expel or Remodel Pathogenicity Islands journal April 2013
CRISPR-Cas9 modified bacteriophage for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus induced osteomyelitis and soft tissue infection journal November 2019
Deciphering the functional diversity of DNA-binding transcription factors in Bacteria and Archaea organisms journal August 2020
A new family of CRISPR ‐type V nucleases with C‐rich PAM recognition journal October 2022
Multi‐input CRISPR / C as genetic circuits that interface host regulatory networks journal November 2014
Dynamic control of endogenous metabolism with combinatorial logic circuits journal November 2018
Programmable CRISPR‐Cas transcriptional activation in bacteria journal July 2020
High‐efficiency delivery of CRISPR‐Cas9 by engineered probiotics enables precise microbiome editing journal October 2021
beditor: A Computational Workflow for Designing Libraries of Guide RNAs for CRISPR-Mediated Base Editing journal April 2019
Biological Materials: The Next Frontier for Cell-Free Synthetic Biology journal May 2020
CRISPR-Assisted Multiplex Base Editing System in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 journal July 2020
CRISPR Interference Modules as Low-Burden Logic Inverters in Synthetic Circuits journal January 2022
Internal Promoters and Their Effects on the Transcription of Operon Genes for Epothilone Production in Myxococcus xanthus journal October 2021
Engineered Bacteria-Based Living Materials for Biotherapeutic Applications journal April 2022
Research progress of CRISPR-based biosensors and bioassays for molecular diagnosis journal September 2022
CRISPR/Cas System and Factors Affecting Its Precision and Efficiency journal November 2021
CRISPR-Based Approaches for Gene Regulation in Non-Model Bacteria journal June 2022
Challenges and Advances for Genetic Engineering of Non-model Bacteria and Uses in Consolidated Bioprocessing journal October 2017
Simulation Modeling to Compare High-Throughput, Low-Iteration Optimization Strategies for Metabolic Engineering journal February 2018
Cytosine Base Editor-Mediated Multiplex Genome Editing to Accelerate Discovery of Novel Antibiotics in Bacillus subtilis and Paenibacillus polymyxa journal May 2021
From DNA-protein interactions to the genetic circuit design using CRISPR-dCas systems journal December 2022
Applications of CRISPR/Cas System to Bacterial Metabolic Engineering journal April 2018
In Vivo Rapid Investigation of CRISPR-Based Base Editing Components in Escherichia coli (IRI-CCE): A Platform for Evaluating Base Editing Tools and Their Components journal January 2022
Genome Editing in Bacteria: CRISPR-Cas and Beyond journal April 2021
Cell-Free Synthetic Biology Platform for Engineering Synthetic Biological Circuits and Systems journal May 2019
Cell-Free PURE System: Evolution and Achievements journal January 2022
The tracrRNA and Cas9 families of type II CRISPR-Cas immunity systems journal February 2013

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