The Role of Kinetic Instabilities and Waves in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

Graham, D. G. B.; Cozzani, G.; Khotyaintsev, Yuri V.; Wilder, V. D.; Holmes, Justin Craig; Nakamura, T. K. M.; Büchner, J.; Dokgo, K.; Richard, L.; Steinvall, K.; Norgren, Cecilia; Chen, L. -J.; Ji, H.; Drake, J. F.; Stawarz, Julia E.; Eriksson, S.

doi:10.1007/s11214-024-01133-7

The Role of Kinetic Instabilities and Waves in Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection

Journal Article · Fri Feb 14 00:00:00 EST 2025 · Space Science Reviews

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-024-01133-7· OSTI ID:2526599

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Wilder, V. D. ^[4]; ^[5]; Nakamura, T. K. M. ^[6]; Büchner, J. ^[7]; Dokgo, K. ^[8]; ^[1]; ^[9]; ^[10]; ^[11]; ^[12]; ^[13]; Stawarz, Julia E. ^[14]; Eriksson, S. ^[15]

Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Uppsala (Sweden)
University of Helsinki (Finland)
Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Uppsala (Sweden); Uppsala University (Sweden)
University of Texas, Arlington, TX (United States)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Austrian Academy of Sciences (OAW), Graz (Austria)
Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, Gottingen (Germany); Technical University of Berlin (Germany)
Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX (United States)
Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg (Sweden)
Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF), Uppsala (Sweden); University of Bergen (Norway)
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States)
Princeton University, NJ (United States); Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)
University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne (United Kingdom)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)

Magnetic reconnection converts magnetic field energy into particle energy by breaking and reconnecting magnetic field lines. Magnetic reconnection is a kinetic process that generates a wide variety of kinetic waves via wave-particle interactions. Kinetic waves have been proposed to play an important role in magnetic reconnection in collisionless plasmas by, for example, contributing to anomalous resistivity and diffusion, particle heating, and transfer of energy between different particle populations. These waves range from below the ion cyclotron frequency to above the electron plasma frequency and from ion kinetic scales down to electron Debye length scales. This review aims to describe the progress made in understanding the relationship between magnetic reconnection and kinetic waves. We focus on the waves in different parts of the reconnection region, namely, the diffusion region, separatrices, outflow regions, and jet fronts. Particular emphasis is placed on the recent observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft and numerical simulations, which have substantially increased the understanding of the interplay between kinetic waves and reconnection. Some of the ongoing questions related to waves and reconnection are discussed.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Academy of Finland (AKA); Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF); Research Council of Norway (RCN); Swedish National Space Agency (SNSA); USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; AC02-09CH11466

OSTI ID:: 2526599

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2561267

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--24-25382; 128/17; 345701; 300865; 2022-00121; 139/18; PHY2109083; 80NSSC22K0352; 2022.0087

Journal Information:: Space Science Reviews, Journal Name: Space Science Reviews Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 221; ISSN 0038-6308

Publisher:: SpringerCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Electron holes and heating in the reconnection dissipation region: ELECTRON HOLES AND HEATING IN RECONNECTION Che, H.; Drake, J. F.; Swisdak, M. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 37, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010GL043608	journal	June 2010
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Cluster observations of multiple dipolarization fronts: MULTIPLE DIPOLARIZATION FRONTS Hwang, K. -J.; Goldstein, M. L.; Lee, E. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 116, Issue A5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JA015742	journal	April 2011
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Kinetic Alfvén Waves Excited in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Reconnection Huang, Hongtao; Yu, Yiqun; Dai, Lei Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JA025071	journal	August 2018
Solitary Waves Across Supercritical Quasi‐Perpendicular Shocks Vasko, I. Y.; Mozer, F. S.; Krasnoselskikh, V. V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL077835	journal	June 2018
Simultaneous Multispacecraft Probing of Electron Phase Space Holes Tong, Y.; Vasko, I.; Mozer, F. S. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079044	journal	November 2018
Whistler Wave Generation by Anisotropic Tail Electrons During Asymmetric Magnetic Reconnection in Space and Laboratory Yoo, Jongsoo; Jara‐Almonte, J.; Yerger, Evan Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079278	journal	August 2018
Whistler and Electron Firehose Instability Control of Electron Distributions in and Around Dipolarizing Flux Bundles Zhang, Xu; Angelopoulos, V.; Artemyev, A. V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL079613	journal	September 2018
Solar Wind Directional Change Triggering Flapping Motions of the Current Sheet: MMS Observations Wang, G. Q.; Zhang, T. L.; Wu, M. Y. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080023	journal	January 2019
Multispacecraft Analysis of Electron Holes Steinvall, K.; Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.; Graham, D. B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080757	journal	January 2019
Rippled Electron‐Scale Structure of a Dipolarization Front Pan, Dong‐Xiao; Khotyaintsev, Yuri V.; Graham, Daniel B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 45, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GL080826	journal	November 2018
The Role of the Parallel Electric Field in Electron-Scale Dissipation at Reconnecting Currents in the Magnetosheath Wilder, F. D.; Ergun, R. E.; Burch, J. L. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025529	journal	August 2018
The Distribution of Two Flapping Types of Magnetotail Current Sheet: Implication for the Flapping Mechanism Gao, J. W.; Rong, Z. J.; Cai, Y. H. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 123, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JA025695	journal	September 2018
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High‐Frequency Wave Generation in Magnetotail Reconnection: Linear Dispersion Analysis Burch, J. L.; Dokgo, K.; Hwang, K. J. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL082471	journal	April 2019
Whistler Waves Driven by Field‐Aligned Streaming Electrons in the Near‐Earth Magnetotail Reconnection Ren, Y.; Dai, L.; Li, W. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083283	journal	May 2019
High‐Frequency Wave Generation in Magnetotail Reconnection: Nonlinear Harmonics of Upper Hybrid Waves Dokgo, Kyunghwan; Hwang, Kyoung‐Joo; Burch, James L. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083361	journal	July 2019
Energy Transport by Whistler Waves Around Dipolarizing Flux Bundles Zhang, Xu; Angelopoulos, V.; Artemyev, A. V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084226	journal	November 2019
Ion‐Beam‐Driven Intense Electrostatic Solitary Waves in Reconnection Jet Liu, C. M.; Vaivads, A.; Graham, D. B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL085419	journal	November 2019
A New Perspective for Dipolarization Front Dynamics: Electromagnetic Effects of Velocity Inhomogeneity Lin, Dong; Scales, Wayne A.; Ganguli, Gurudas Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026815	journal	September 2019
Structure of Electron‐Scale Plasma Mixing Along the Dayside Reconnection Separatrix Holmes, J. C.; Ergun, R. E.; Nakamura, R. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA026974	journal	November 2019
MMS Observations of Whistler and Lower Hybrid Drift Waves Associated with Magnetic Reconnection in the Turbulent Magnetosheath Vörös, Zoltán; Yordanova, Emilyia; Graham, Daniel B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027028	journal	November 2019
A Survey of Plasma Waves Appearing Near Dayside Magnetopause Electron Diffusion Region Events Wilder, F. D.; Ergun, R. E.; Hoilijoki, S. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027060	journal	October 2019
Kinetic Alfvén Waves From Magnetotail to the Ionosphere in Global Hybrid Simulation Associated With Fast Flows Cheng, Lei; Lin, Yu; Perez, J. D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027062	journal	February 2020
Universality of Lower Hybrid Waves at Earth's Magnetopause Graham, D. B.; Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.; Norgren, C. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027155	journal	November 2019
Magnetic Reconnection in Three Dimensions: Observations of Electromagnetic Drift Waves in the Adjacent Current Sheet Ergun, R. E.; Hoilijoki, S.; Ahmadi, N. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 124, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027228	journal	December 2019
MMS Observations of Intense Whistler Waves Within Earth's Supercritical Bow Shock: Source Mechanism and Impact on Shock Structure and Plasma Transport Hull, A. J.; Muschietti, L.; Le Contel, O. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027290	journal	July 2020
An Event Study of Simultaneous Earthward and Tailward Reconnection Exhaust Flows in the Earth's Midtail Wang, Chih‐Ping; Liu, Yi‐Hsin; Xing, Xiaoyan Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027406	journal	June 2020
Electron Acceleration and Thermalization at Magnetotail Separatrices Norgren, C.; Hesse, M.; Graham, D. B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 125, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JA027440	journal	April 2020
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High‐Frequency Waves Driven by Agyrotropic Electrons Near the Electron Diffusion Region Dokgo, Kyunghwan; Hwang, Kyoung‐Joo; Burch, James L. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087111	journal	March 2020
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Lower Hybrid Drift Waves During Guide Field Reconnection Yoo, Jongsoo; Ji, Jeong‐Young; Ambat, M. V. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL087192	journal	November 2020
The Effects of Upper‐Hybrid Waves on Energy Dissipation in the Electron Diffusion Region Dokgo, Kyunghwan; Hwang, Kyoung‐Joo; Burch, James L. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL089778	journal	October 2020
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Lower‐Hybrid‐Drift Vortices in the Electron‐Scale Magnetic Reconnection Layer Ng, J.; Chen, L. ‐J.; Le, A. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 47, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL090726	journal	November 2020
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Wave Activity in a Dynamically Evolving Reconnection Separatrix Holmes, J. C.; Nakamura, R.; Schmid, D. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JA028520	journal	July 2021
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Shear Alfvén Waves Driven by Magnetic Reconnection as an Energy Source for the Aurora Borealis Gurram, H.; Egedal, J.; Daughton, W. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 48, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094201	journal	July 2021
Evidence for Whistler Waves Propagating Into the Electron Diffusion Region of Collisionless Magnetic Reconnection Zhong, Z. H.; Zhou, M.; Graham, D. B. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 49, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL097387	journal	April 2022
Observations of Short‐Period Ion‐Scale Current Sheet Flapping Richard, L.; Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.; Graham, D. B. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, Vol. 126, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029152	journal	July 2021
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