Comparing gas composition from fast pyrolysis of live foliage measured in bench-scale and fire-scale experiments

Weise, David R.; Fletcher, Thomas H.; Johnson, Timothy J.; Hao, Wei Min; Dietenberger, Mark; Princevac, Marko; Butler, Bret W.; McAllister, Sara S.; O’Brien, Joseph J.; Louise Loudermilk, E.; Ottmar, Roger D.; Hudak, Andrew T.; Kato, Akira; Shotorban, Babak; Mahalingam, Shankar; Myers, Tanya L.; Palarea-Albaladejo, Javier; Baker, Stephen P.

doi:10.1071/wf23200

Comparing gas composition from fast pyrolysis of live foliage measured in bench-scale and fire-scale experiments

Journal Article · Tue Aug 27 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · International Journal of Wildland Fire

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23200· OSTI ID:2484337

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[4]; ^[5]; ^[6]; Butler, Bret W. ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[7]; Louise Loudermilk, E. ^[7]; ^[8]; ^[9]; Kato, Akira ^[10]; ^[11]; ^[11]; ^[3]; ^[12]; Baker, Stephen P. ^[4]

USDA Forest Service, Riverside, CA (United States). Pacific Southwest Research Station
Brigham Young Univ., Provo, UT (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
USDA Forest Service, Missoula, MT (United States). Rocky Mountain Research Station
USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI (United States). Forest Products Laboratory
Univ. of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
USDA Forest Service, Athens, GA (United States). Southern Research Station
USDA Forest Service, Seattle, WA (United States). Pacific Northwest Research Station
USDA Forest Service, Moscow, ID (United States). Rocky Mountain Research Station
Chiba University (Japan)
Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville, AL (United States)
University of Girona (Spain)

Background: Fire models have used pyrolysis data from oxidising and non-oxidising environments for flaming combustion. In wildland fires pyrolysis, flaming and smouldering combustion typically occur in an oxidising environment (the atmosphere). Aims: Using compositional data analysis methods, determine if the composition of pyrolysis gases measured in non-oxidising and ambient (oxidising) atmospheric conditions were similar. Methods: Permanent gases and tars were measured in a fuel-rich (non-oxidising) environment in a flat flame burner (FFB). Permanent and light hydrocarbon gases were measured for the same fuels heated by a fire flame in ambient atmospheric conditions (oxidising environment). Log-ratio balances of the measured gases common to both environments (CO, CO₂, CH₄, H₂, C₆H₆O (phenol), and other gases) were examined by principal components analysis (PCA), canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). Key results: Mean composition changed between the non-oxidising and ambient atmosphere samples. PCA showed that flat flame burner (FFB) samples were tightly clustered and distinct from the ambient atmosphere samples. CDA found that the difference between environments was defined by the CO-CO₂ log-ratio balance. PERMANOVA and pairwise comparisons found FFB samples differed from the ambient atmosphere samples which did not differ from each other. Conclusion: Relative composition of these pyrolysis gases differed between the oxidising and non-oxidising environments. This comparison was one of the first comparisons made between bench-scale and field scale pyrolysis measurements using compositional data analysis. Implications: These results indicate the need for more fundamental research on the early time-dependent pyrolysis of vegetation in the presence of oxygen.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2484337

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--193308

Journal Information:: International Journal of Wildland Fire, Journal Name: International Journal of Wildland Fire Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 33; ISSN 1049-8001

Publisher:: International Association of Wildland FireCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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