Precipitation hardening of laser powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V

Derimow, Nicholas; Benzing, Jake T.; Garcia, Jacob; Levin, Zachary S.; Lu, Ping; Moser, Newell; Beamer, Chad; DelRio, Frank W.; Hrabe, Nik

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2024.147549

Precipitation hardening of laser powder bed fusion Ti-6Al-4V

Journal Article · Tue Nov 19 23:00:00 EST 2024 · Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2024.147549· OSTI ID:2478617

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National Inst. of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, CO (United States)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Quintus Technologies, Lewis Center, OH (United States)

Here, the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-L) additive manufacturing (AM) community has dedicated significant efforts into process optimization and control for defect-free Ti-6Al-4V. As defects become less of an issue for PBF-L Ti-6Al-4V, the processing-structure-properties (PSP) relationships between AM microstructures can now be explored to optimize mechanical properties. Lower temperature aging treatments around 550 °C in wrought Ti-6A-4V have been historically understood to precipitation harden the α phase with an ordered, hexagonal close packed (HCP) α₂ phase. The α₂ phase existed as nanoscale Ti₃Al precipitates coherent with the parent α phase. The goal of the present investigation was to implement a vacuum heat treatment of 545 °C for 100 hours on PBF-L Ti-6Al-4V. This vacuum heat treatment took place after an initial hot isostatic pressure (HIP) treatment that decomposed the as-built, martensitic microstructure. The vacuum aging successfully produced nanoscale precipitates of α₂ phase within α-laths, confirmed via atom probe tomography (APT). Microstructural-length scale and quasi-static mechanical properties were investigated by nanoindentation and uniaxial tensile tests of miniaturized test specimens. Given the sensitivity of Ti-6Al-4V mechanical properties to small changes in chemistry, all test specimens originated from the same build. The α₂ precipitation resulted in significantly harder α-laths (≈ 2 GPa) as measured via nanoindentation, as well as a relative yield and ultimate tensile strength increase of 60 MPa and 38 MPa, respectively. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) of the datasets revealed no statistical differences in total elongation between the HIPed and HIPed + aged specimens, indicative of the aging treatment producing a net benefit of strength with no loss in ductility.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Office of SBIR/STTR Programs (SBIR/STTR)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001; NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2478617

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2566662

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--24-28227

Journal Information:: Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing, Journal Name: Materials Science and Engineering. A, Structural Materials: Properties, Microstructure and Processing Vol. 921; ISSN 0921-5093

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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