Climatic controls on soil and saprock nitrogen distribution and persistence in the Sierra Nevada

Moreland, Kimber C.; Barnes, Morgan E.; O'Geen, Anthony; Dove, Nicholas; Hart, Stephen C.; Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw

doi:10.1002/jpln.202200218

Climatic controls on soil and saprock nitrogen distribution and persistence in the Sierra Nevada

Journal Article · Fri Dec 09 00:00:00 UTC 2022 · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.202200218· OSTI ID:2476248

^[1]; Barnes, Morgan E. ^[2]; O'Geen, Anthony ^[3]; Dove, Nicholas ^[4]; ^[5]; Berhe, Asmeret Asefaw ^[5]

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States); Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient in soil that regulates plant growth, terrestrial sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and persistence of organic compounds. However, major knowledge gaps remain about how climate change may impact N accumulation and persistence, especially in deep soil and saprock (friable weakly weathered bedrock). Our objective was to understand how climate impacts the accumulation of N in soil and saprock and how climate impacts soil N distribution, persistence, and mechanisms of N persistence. We investigated N concentration in bulk soil and density fractions. We estimated N persistence along a bio-climatic sequence—sites range from a low-elevation oak savannah, mid-elevation pine-oak/mixed-conifer forest, to a high-elevation subalpine forest—in the southern Sierra Nevada in California. A combination of radiocarbon and elemental composition measurements along with a first-order kinetic model was used. The N concentration in the bulk soil and density fractions declined with depth, and there was a relatively greater mineral-associated heavy fraction (HF) N in deeper samples. The cooler/wetter mixed conifer site held 37% of profile N in saprock, which was greater than that of the entire soil profile at the drier/hotter oak savannah. The majority of N in soil, which was in the HF, was not influenced by climate proxies tested. However, both unprotected and occluded fractions of N were strongly influenced by climate. Soil N mean residence time (MRT) showed that drier/hotter climates have a shorter MRT, compared to mid-elevation sites with cooler/wetter climates. The effect of climate on deep saprock N storage might be indirect, primarily through climatic influence on the thickness of saprock. Overall, our findings suggest the mineral-associated HF N pool will not be vulnerable to changes in climate and will continue to contribute to the persistent soil N pool. The amount of topsoil and subsoil unprotected and occluded N can be explained by gross primary productivity and mean annual precipitation indicating that changes in climate can influence N partitioning. N stored in deep soil and saprock may be less vulnerable to climate than N stored in drier/hotter climates with less deeply stored N. It is critical to dig deeper to understand terrestrial ecosystems’ response to climate.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Earth & Environmental Systems Science (EESS)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; AC52-07NA27344

OSTI ID:: 2476248

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--180747

Journal Information:: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (Online), Journal Name: Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (Online) Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 186; ISSN 1522-2624

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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