Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein and GP38 subunit vaccine combination prevents morbidity in mice

Karaaslan, Elif; Sorvillo, Teresa E.; Scholte, Florine E. M.; O’Neal, Troy Justin; Welch, Stephen R.; Davies, Katherine A.; Coleman-McCray, JoAnn D.; Harmon, Jessica R.; Ritter, Jana M.; Pegan, Scott D.; Montgomery, Joel M.; Spengler, Jessica R.; Spiropoulou, Christina F.; Bergeron, Éric

doi:10.1038/s41541-024-00931-y

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus nucleoprotein and GP38 subunit vaccine combination prevents morbidity in mice

Journal Article · Wed Aug 14 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · npj Vaccines

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-024-00931-y· OSTI ID:2471344

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; Davies, Katherine A. ^[3]; Coleman-McCray, JoAnn D. ^[2]; ^[2]; Ritter, Jana M. ^[2]; ^[4]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[5]

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA (United States); University of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA (United States)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA (United States); US Dept. of Agriculture (USDA), Manhattan, KS (United States). Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
University of California, Riverside, CA (United States)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA (United States); University of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Immunizing mice with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein precursor (GPC), or with the GP38 domain of GPC, can be protective when the proteins are delivered with viral vectors or as a DNA or RNA vaccine. Subunit vaccines are a safe and cost-effective alternative to some vaccine platforms, but Gc and Gn glycoprotein subunit vaccines for CCHFV fail to protect despite eliciting high levels of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we investigated humoral and cellular immune responses and the protective efficacy of recombinant NP, GP38, and GP38 forms (GP85 and GP160) associated with the highly glycosylated mucin-like (MLD) domain, as well as the NP + GP38 combination. Vaccination with GP160, GP85, or GP38 did not confer protection, and vaccination with the MLD-associated GP38 forms blunted the humoral immune responses to GP38, worsened clinical chemistry, and increased viral RNA in the blood compared to the GP38 vaccination. In contrast, NP vaccination conferred 100% protection from lethal outcome and was associated with mild clinical disease, while the NP + GP38 combination conferred even more robust protection by reducing morbidity compared to mice receiving NP alone. Thus, recombinant CCHFV NP alone is a promising vaccine candidate conferring 100% survival against heterologous challenge. Moreover, incorporation of GP38 should be considered as it further enhances subunit vaccine efficacy by reducing morbidity in surviving animals.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA); National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0014664

OSTI ID:: 2471344

Journal Information:: npj Vaccines, Journal Name: npj Vaccines Journal Issue: 1 Vol. 9; ISSN 2059-0105

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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