Bacterial vampirism mediated through taxis to serum

Glenn, Siena J.; Gentry-Lear, Zealon; Shavlik, Michael; Harms, Michael J.; Asaki, Thomas J.; Baylink, Arden

doi:10.7554/elife.93178

Bacterial vampirism mediated through taxis to serum

Journal Article · Fri May 31 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · eLife

DOI:https://doi.org/10.7554/elife.93178· OSTI ID:2471019

^[1]; ^[2]; Shavlik, Michael ^[2]; ^[2]; Asaki, Thomas J. ^[1]; ^[1]

Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)
Univ. of Oregon, Eugene, OR (United States)

Bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae are associated with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and bacteremia and are a leading cause of death, from sepsis, for individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases. The bacterial behaviors and mechanisms underlying why these bacteria are prone to bloodstream entry remain poorly understood. Herein, we report that clinical isolates of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars, Escherichia coli, and Citrobacter koseri are rapidly attracted toward sources of human serum. To simulate GI bleeding, we utilized an injection-based microfluidics device and found that femtoliter volumes of human serum are sufficient to induce bacterial attraction to the serum source. This response is orchestrated through chemotaxis and the chemoattractant L-serine, an amino acid abundant in serum that is recognized through direct binding by the chemoreceptor Tsr. We report the first crystal structures of Salmonella Typhimurium Tsr in complex with L-serine and identify a conserved amino acid recognition motif for L-serine shared among Tsr orthologues. We find Tsr to be widely conserved among Enterobacteriaceae and numerous World Health Organization priority pathogens associated with bloodstream infections. Lastly, we find that Enterobacteriaceae use human serum as a source of nutrients for growth and that chemotaxis and the chemoreceptor Tsr provide a competitive advantage for migration into enterohemorrhagic lesions. We define this bacterial behavior of taxis toward serum, colonization of hemorrhagic lesions, and the consumption of serum nutrients as ‘bacterial vampirism’, which may relate to the proclivity of Enterobacteriaceae for bloodstream infections.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS); National Institutes of Health (NIH); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2471019

Journal Information:: eLife, Journal Name: eLife Vol. 12; ISSN 2050-084X

Publisher:: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd.Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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