Global and regional hydrological impacts of global forest expansion

King, James A.; Weber, James; Lawrence, Peter; Roe, Stephanie; Swann, Abigail L. S.; Val Martin, Maria

doi:10.5194/bg-21-3883-2024

Global and regional hydrological impacts of global forest expansion

Journal Article · Tue Sep 03 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Biogeosciences (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3883-2024· OSTI ID:2439313

; ; Lawrence, Peter; Roe, Stephanie; ;

Abstract. Large-scale reforestation, afforestation, and forest restoration schemes have gained global support as climate change mitigation strategies due to their significant carbon dioxide removal (CDR) potential. However, there has been limited research into the unintended consequences of forestation from a biophysical perspective. In the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2), we apply a global forestation scenario, within a Paris Agreement-compatible warming scenario, to investigate the land surface and hydroclimate response. Compared to a control scenario where land use is fixed to present-day levels, the forestation scenario is up to 2 °C cooler at low latitudes by 2100, driven by a 10 % increase in evaporative cooling in forested areas. However, afforested areas where grassland or shrubland are replaced lead to a doubling of plant water demand in some tropical regions, causing significant decreases in soil moisture (∼ 5 % globally, 5 %–10 % regionally) and water availability (∼ 10 % globally, 10 %–15 % regionally) in regions with increased forest cover. While there are some increases in low cloud and seasonal precipitation over the expanded tropical forests, with enhanced negative cloud radiative forcing, the impacts on large-scale precipitation and atmospheric circulation are limited. This contrasts with the precipitation response to simulated large-scale deforestation found in previous studies. The forestation scenario demonstrates local cooling benefits without major disruption to global hydrodynamics beyond those already projected to result from climate change, in addition to the cooling associated with CDR. However, the water demands of extensive forestation, especially afforestation, have implications for its viability, given the uncertainty in future precipitation changes.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0021209

OSTI ID:: 2439313

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2580416

Journal Information:: Biogeosciences (Online), Journal Name: Biogeosciences (Online) Journal Issue: 17 Vol. 21; ISSN 1726-4189

Publisher:: Copernicus GmbHCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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