Machine Learning Discrimination and Ultrasensitive Detection of Fentanyl Using Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Sensors

Shao, Wenting; Sorescu, Dan C.; Liu, Zhengru; Star, Alexander

doi:10.1002/smll.202311835

Machine Learning Discrimination and Ultrasensitive Detection of Fentanyl Using Gold Nanoparticle-Decorated Carbon Nanotube-Based Field-Effect Transistor Sensors

Journal Article · Sun Apr 28 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Small

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202311835· OSTI ID:2429433

Shao, Wenting ^[1]; Sorescu, Dan C. ^[2]; Liu, Zhengru ^[1]; ^[1]

Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
National Energy Technology Lab. (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA (United States); Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)

The opioid overdose crisis is a global health challenge. Fentanyl, an exceedingly potent synthetic opioid, has emerged as a leading contributor to the surge in opioid-related overdose deaths. The surge in overdose fatalities, particularly due to illicitly manufactured fentanyl and its contamination of street drugs, emphasizes the urgency for drug-testing technologies that can quickly and accurately identify fentanyl from other drugs and quantify trace amounts of fentanyl. In this paper, gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based field-effect transistors (FETs) are utilized for machine learning-assisted identification of fentanyl from codeine, hydrocodone, and morphine. The unique sensing performance of fentanyl led to use machine learning approaches for accurate identification of fentanyl. Employing linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with a leave-one-out cross-validation approach, a validation accuracy of 91.2% is achieved. Meanwhile, density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal the factors that contributed to the enhanced sensitivity of the Au-SWCNT FET sensor toward fentanyl as well as the underlying sensing mechanism. Finally, fentanyl antibodies are introduced to the Au-SWCNT FET sensor as specific receptors, expanding the linear range of the sensor in the lower concentration range, and enabling ultrasensitive detection of fentanyl with a limit of detection at 10.8 fg mL^–1.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Pittsburgh, PA, Morgantown, WV, and Albany, OR (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon Management (FECM)

OSTI ID:: 2429433

Journal Information:: Small, Journal Name: Small Journal Issue: 35 Vol. 20; ISSN 1613-6810

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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