An experimentally validated electro-thermal EV battery pack model incorporating cycle-life aging and cell-to-cell variations

Lucero, Joseph Neil; Sujan, Vivek A.; Onori, Simona

doi:10.1109/tte.2024.3365028

An experimentally validated electro-thermal EV battery pack model incorporating cycle-life aging and cell-to-cell variations

Journal Article · Fri Feb 09 00:00:00 EST 2024 · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2024.3365028· OSTI ID:2426024

^[1]; Sujan, Vivek A. ^[2]; ^[3]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). National Transportation Research Center (NTRC)
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Lithium-ion batteries are used in a wide variety of applications. To meet the power and energy demands of these applications battery packs are composed of hundreds to thousands of cells. The electrical and thermal interactions between cells introduce additional complexity in the pack dynamics. To capture these effects, a battery pack model composed of 192 cells based on a first-generation (2012) Nissan Leaf battery pack is developed in MATLAB/Simulink/Simscape. Here, with this model, we simulate the electrical dynamics (using a first-order equivalent-circuit model), the thermal dynamics (using a first-order lumped-parameter thermal model), and the aging dynamics (using a semi-empirical severity factor-based model) of every cell in the pack and we also create a pack thermal model that explicitly captures the heat exchange between the modules, and the cells contained within, during operation. The models are calibrated and validated, both at the cell and pack level, with experimental data. Two different case studies of this pack model are investigated. In the first case study, an initial, normally-distributed, cell-to-cell capacity variation is introduced and its effect on the pack voltage and module temperatures is studied. In the second case study, we deliberately insert cells with lower than nominal capacity into the pack and we investigate how this type of initial cell-to-cell capacity variation affects the pack’s ability to deliver energy over time. Finally, we also study how parallel-connected cells can reduce the effects of cell-to-cell variations at the expense of increased aging of the pack overall.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2426024

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification (Online), Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification (Online) Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 10; ISSN 2332-7782

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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