Impact of battery cell imbalance on electric vehicle range

Chen, Jun; Zhou, Zhaodong; Zhou, Ziwei; Wang, Xia; Liaw, Boryann

doi:10.1016/j.geits.2022.100025

Impact of battery cell imbalance on electric vehicle range

Journal Article · Fri Sep 23 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geits.2022.100025· OSTI ID:1993443

^[1]; Zhou, Zhaodong ^[1]; Zhou, Ziwei ^[1]; Wang, Xia ^[1]; ^[2]

Oakland Univ., Rochester, MI (United States)
Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Due to manufacturing variation, battery cells often possess heterogeneous characteristics, leading to battery state-of-charge variation in real-time. Since the lowest cell state-of-charge determines the useful life of battery pack, such variation can negatively impact the battery performance and electric vehicles range. Existing research has been focused on control design to mitigate cell imbalance. However, it is yet unclear how much impacts the cell imbalance can have on electric vehicle range. This paper closes this knowledge gap by using a simulation environment consisting of real-world driving speed data, vehicle longitudinal control, propulsion and vehicle dynamics, and cell level battery modeling. In particular, each battery cell is modeled as an equivalent circuit model, and variations among cell parameters are introduced to assess their impact on electric vehicles range and to identify the most influential parameter variations. Simulation results and analysis can be used to assist balancing control design and to benchmark control performance.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Idaho National Laboratory (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Michigan Space Grant Consortium; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC07-05ID14517

Other Award/Contract Number:: 80NSSC20M0124

OSTI ID:: 1993443

Report Number(s):: INL/JOU-22-69526-Rev000

Journal Information:: Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation, Journal Name: Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 1; ISSN 2773-1537

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (27)

Origins and accommodation of cell variations in Li-ion battery pack modeling Dubarry, Matthieu; Vuillaume, Nicolas; Liaw, Bor Yann International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.1668	journal	December 2009
A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles Hua, Yang; Zhou, Sida; Cui, Haigang International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 44, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.1002/er.5683	journal	July 2020
Economic optimization of operations for hybrid energy systems under variable markets Chen, Jun; Garcia, Humberto E. Applied Energy, Vol. 177 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.056	journal	September 2016
A Hybrid Criterion Based Balancing Strategy for Battery Energy Storage Systems Xu, Jun; Cao, Binggang; Li, Shiying Energy Procedia, Vol. 103 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.277	journal	December 2016
Dynamic performance analysis of two regional Nuclear Hybrid Energy Systems Garcia, Humberto E.; Chen, Jun; Kim, Jong S. Energy, Vol. 107 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.128	journal	July 2016
Modeling, control, and dynamic performance analysis of a reverse osmosis desalination plant integrated within hybrid energy systems Kim, Jong Suk; Chen, Jun; Garcia, Humberto E. Energy, Vol. 112 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.05.050	journal	October 2016
Evaluation of battery inconsistency based on information entropy Duan, Bin; Li, Zeyuan; Gu, Pingwei Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 16 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.01.010	journal	April 2018
Nonlinear Model-Predictive Optimal Control of an Active Cell-to-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Pack Balancing Circuit Liu, Ji; Chen, Yang; Fathy, Hosam K. IFAC-PapersOnLine, Vol. 50, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.2297	journal	July 2017
From single cell model to battery pack simulation for Li-ion batteries Dubarry, Matthieu; Vuillaume, Nicolas; Liaw, Bor Yann Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 186, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.10.051	journal	January 2009
A novel on-board state-of-charge estimation method for aged Li-ion batteries based on model adaptive extended Kalman filter Sepasi, Saeed; Ghorbani, Reza; Liaw, Bor Yann Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 245, p. 337-344 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.108	journal	January 2014
A lumped-parameter electro-thermal model for cylindrical batteries Lin, Xinfan; Perez, Hector E.; Mohan, Shankar Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 257 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.097	journal	July 2014
Cell-balancing currents in parallel strings of a battery system Dubarry, Matthieu; Devie, Arnaud; Liaw, Bor Yann Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 321 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.04.125	journal	July 2016
Propagation mechanisms and diagnosis of parameter inconsistency within Li-Ion battery packs Feng, Fei; Hu, Xiaosong; Hu, Lin Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 112 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.05.042	journal	September 2019
Modeling of lithium ion cells?A simple equivalent-circuit model approach Yannliaw, B. Solid State Ionics, Vol. 175, Issue 1-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssi.2004.09.049	journal	November 2004
Archiving Data from New Survey Technologies: Enabling Research with High-precision Data While Preserving Participant Privacy Gonder, Jeffrey; Burton, Evan; Murakami, Elaine Transportation Research Procedia, Vol. 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2015.12.008	journal	January 2015
Probabilistic Analysis of Electric Vehicle Energy Consumption Using MPC Speed Control and Nonlinear Battery Model Chen, Jun; Liang, Man; Ma, Xu 2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech) https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00038	conference	April 2021
Fast Model Predictive Control for Redistributive Lithium-Ion Battery Balancing McCurlie, Lucas; Preindl, Matthias; Emadi, Ali IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 64, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2016.2611488	journal	February 2017
An Automatic Equalizer Based on Forward–Flyback Converter for Series-Connected Battery Strings Shang, Yunlong; Xia, Bing; Zhang, Chenghui IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 64, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2674617	journal	July 2017
A Battery Balancing Auxiliary Power Module With Predictive Control for Electrified Transportation Preindl, Matthias IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 65, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2017.2682030	journal	August 2018
Simplified Battery Pack Modeling Considering Inconsistency and Evolution of Current Distribution Fan, Xinyuan; Zhang, Weige; Wang, Zhanguo IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2020.3010567	journal	January 2021
An Optimized Any-Cell-to-Any-Cell Equalizer Based on Coupled Half-Bridge Converters for Series-Connected Battery Strings Shang, Yunlong; Cui, Naxin; Zhang, Chenghui IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 34, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2018.2888514	journal	September 2019
Balanced Control Strategies for Interconnected Heterogeneous Battery Systems Wang, Le Yi; Wang, Caisheng; Yin, George IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2015.2487223	journal	January 2016
Evaluation of Advanced Control for Li-ion Battery Balancing Systems Using Convex Optimization Pinto, Claudio; Barreras, Jorge V.; Schaltz, Erik IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSTE.2016.2600501	journal	October 2016
State-of-Charge Estimation of the Lithium-Ion Battery Using an Adaptive Extended Kalman Filter Based on an Improved Thevenin Model No authors listed IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2011.2132812	journal	May 2011
Improved Performance of Serially Connected Li-Ion Batteries With Active Cell Balancing in Electric Vehicles Einhorn, Markus; Roessler, Werner; Fleig, Juergen IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, Vol. 60, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2011.2153886	journal	July 2011
An Electrical Equivalent Circuit Model of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery Madani, Seyed; Schaltz, Erik; Knudsen Kær, Søren Batteries, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries5010031	journal	March 2019
Fuzzy Logic Based Driving Pattern Recognition for Driving Cycle Analysis Liaw, Bor Yann Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.4130/jaev.2.551	journal	January 2004

Similar Records

Ragone characteristics of aqueous mobile batteries and their application in projecting ranges of electric vehicles

Conference · Fri Dec 31 23:00:00 EST 1982 · OSTI ID:5756132

Nickel-cadmium battery system for electric vehicles

Conference · Wed Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 1984 · Proc., Intersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf.; (United States) · OSTI ID:5728851

A microcomputer controlled hybrid vehicle with on-board battery charger

Conference · Mon Aug 01 00:00:00 EDT 1983 · Proc., Intersoc. Energy Convers. Eng. Conf.; (United States) · OSTI ID:5486030

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
32 ENERGY CONSERVATION, CONSUMPTION, AND UTILIZATION
42 ENGINEERING
Battery cell imbalance
Battery range
Cell imbalance
Driving range
Electric vehicles
Simulation

Impact of battery cell imbalance on electric vehicle range

Citation Formats

References (27)

Similar Records

Related Subjects