The Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lensing Cross Section and the Internal Distribution of Matter in ΛCDM Substructure

Tokayer, Yarone M.; Dutra, Isaque; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Mahler, Guillaume; Jauzac, Mathilde; Meneghetti, Massimo

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ad51fd

The Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lensing Cross Section and the Internal Distribution of Matter in ΛCDM Substructure

Journal Article · Fri Jul 26 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad51fd· OSTI ID:2407160

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Abstract

Strong gravitational lensing offers a powerful probe of the detailed distribution of matter in lenses, while magnifying and bringing faint background sources into view. Observed strong lensing by massive galaxy clusters, which are often in complex dynamical states, has also been used to map their dark matter (DM) substructures on smaller scales. Deep high-resolution imaging has revealed the presence of strong lensing events associated with these substructures, namely galaxy-scale sub-halos. However, an inventory of these observed galaxy–galaxy strong lensing (GGSL) events is noted to be discrepant with state-of-the-art ΛCDM simulations. Cluster sub-halos appear to be over-concentrated compared to their simulated counterparts yielding an order-of-magnitude higher value of GGSL. In this paper, we explore the possibility of resolving this observed discrepancy by redistributing the mass within observed cluster sub-halos in ways that are consistent within the ΛCDM paradigm of structure formation. Lensing mass reconstructions from data provide constraints on the mass enclosed within apertures and are agnostic to the detailed mass profile within them. Therefore, as the detailed density profile within cluster sub-halos currently remains unconstrained by data, we are afforded the freedom to redistribute the enclosed mass. We investigate if rearranging the mass to a more centrally concentrated density profile helps alleviate the GGSL discrepancy. We report that refitting cluster sub-halos to the ubiquitous ΛCDM-motivated Navarro–Frenk–White profile, and further modifying them to include significant baryonic components, does not resolve this tension. A resolution to this persisting GGSL discrepancy may require more careful exploration of alternative DM models.

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Research Organization:: Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0017660

OSTI ID:: 2407160

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2580383

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 970; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: American Astronomical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Extracting the Subhalo Mass Function from Strong Lens Images with Image Segmentation Ostdiek, Bryan; Diaz Rivero, Ana; Dvorkin, Cora The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 927, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac2d8d	journal	March 2022
Dynamical Friction, Buoyancy, and Core-stalling. I. A Nonperturbative Orbit-based Analysis Banik, Uddipan; van den Bosch, Frank C. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 926, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac4242	journal	February 2022
The Astropy Project: Sustaining and Growing a Community-oriented Open-source Project and the Latest Major Release (v5.0) of the Core Package* No authors listed The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 935, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7c74	journal	August 2022
The Cosmic Telescope That Lenses the Sunburst Arc, PSZ1 G311.65–18.48: Strong Gravitational Lensing Model and Source Plane Analysis* Sharon, Keren; Mahler, Guillaume; Rivera-Thorsen, T. Emil The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 941, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac927a	journal	December 2022
From Images to Dark Matter: End-to-end Inference of Substructure from Hundreds of Strong Gravitational Lenses Wagner-Carena, Sebastian; Aalbers, Jelle; Birrer, Simon The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 942, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aca525	journal	January 2023
The BUFFALO HST Survey Steinhardt, Charles L.; Jauzac, Mathilde; Acebron, Ana The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 247, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4365/ab75ed	journal	April 2020
A Self-interacting Dark Matter Solution to the Extreme Diversity of Low-mass Halo Properties Nadler, Ethan O.; Yang, Daneng; Yu, Hai-Bo The Astrophysical Journal Letters, Vol. 958, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad0e09	journal	November 2023
The Future Landscape of High-Redshift Galaxy Cluster Science Mantz, Adam B.; Allen, Steven W.; Battaglia, Nicholas arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1903.05606	preprint	January 2019

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