Detection of Lensing Substructure Using Alma Observations of the Dusty Galaxy SDP.81

Hezaveh, Yashar D.; Dalal, Neal; Marrone, Daniel P.; Mao, Yao-Yuan; Morningstar, Warren; Wen, Di; Blandford, Roger D.; Carlstrom, John E.; Fassnacht, Christopher D.; Holder, Gilbert P.; Kemball, Athol; Marshall, Philip J.; Murray, Norman; Levasseur, Laurence Perreault; Vieira, Joaquin D.; Wechsler, Risa H.

doi:10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/37

Title: Detection of Lensing Substructure Using Alma Observations of the Dusty Galaxy SDP.81

Journal Article · Thu May 19 00:00:00 EDT 2016 · The Astrophysical Journal (Online)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/0004-637X/823/1/37· OSTI ID:1280817

^[1]; Dalal, Neal ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[1]; Wen, Di ^[5]; Blandford, Roger D. ^[4]; Carlstrom, John E. ^[6]; Fassnacht, Christopher D. ^[7]; Holder, Gilbert P. ^[8]; Kemball, Athol ^[5]; Marshall, Philip J. ^[9]; Murray, Norman ^[10]; Levasseur, Laurence Perreault ^[1];

^[5]; Wechsler, Risa H. ^[4]

Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Astronomy Dept.; Inst. for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (United States). School of Natural Sciences; Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the universe, TODIAS; Univ. of Kwa-Zulu Natal, KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa)
Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ (United States). Steward Observatory
Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Dept. of Physics; SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics
Univ. of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States). Astronomy Dept.
Univ. of Chicago, IL (United States). Kavli Inst. for Cosmological Physics (KICP)
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics
SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology and Dept. of Particle Physics and Astrophysics
Univ. of Toronto, ON (Canada). Canadian Inst. for Theoretical Astrophysics

We study the abundance of substructure in the matter density near galaxies using ALMA Science Verification observations of the strong lensing system SDP.81. We present a method to measure the abundance of subhalos around galaxies using interferometric observations of gravitational lenses. Using simulated ALMA observations we explore the effects of various systematics, including antenna phase errors and source priors, and show how such errors may be measured or marginalized. We apply our formalism to ALMA observations of SDP.81. We find evidence for the presence of a M = 10^8.96±0.12 M_⊙ subhalo near one of the images, with a significance of 6.9σ in a joint fit to data from bands 6 and 7; the effect of the subhalo is also detected in both bands individually. We also derive constraints on the abundance of dark matter (DM) subhalos down to M ~ 2 × 10⁷ M_⊙, pushing down to the mass regime of the smallest detected satellites in the Local Group, where there are significant discrepancies between the observed population of luminous galaxies and predicted DM subhalos. We find hints of additional substructure, warranting further study using the full SDP.81 data set (including, for example, the spectroscopic imaging of the lensed carbon monoxide emission). We compare the results of this search to the predictions of ΛCDM halos, and find that given current uncertainties in the host halo properties of SDP.81, our measurements of substructure are consistent with theoretical expectations. Finally, observations of larger samples of gravitational lenses with ALMA should be able to improve the constraints on the abundance of galactic substructure.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Science Foundation (NSF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; HST-HF2-51358.001-A; NAS 5-26555; AST-1212195; NNX12AD02G; AST-1312950; PLR-1248097; PHY-0114422; AC05-00OR22725; ACI-1053575; OCI-0725070; ACI-1238993

OSTI ID:: 1280817

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal (Online), Vol. 823, Issue 1; ISSN 1538-4357

Publisher:: Institute of Physics (IOP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 227 works

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Linear perturbation theory for tidal streams and the small-scale CDM power spectrum Bovy, Jo; Erkal, Denis; Sanders, Jason L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 466, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stw3067	journal	November 2016
Probing dark matter substructure in the gravitational lens HE 0435−1223 with the WFC3 grism Nierenberg, A. M.; Treu, T.; Brammer, G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1400	journal	June 2017
Not so lumpy after all: modelling the depletion of dark matter subhaloes by Milky Way-like galaxies Garrison-Kimmel, Shea; Wetzel, Andrew; Bullock, James S. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 471, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1710	journal	July 2017
The Herschel Bright Sources (HerBS): sample definition and SCUBA-2 observations Bakx, Tom J. L. C.; Eales, S. A.; Negrello, M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 473, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx2267	journal	September 2017
Shaken and stirred: the Milky Way's dark substructures Sawala, Till; Pihajoki, Pauli; Johansson, Peter H. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 467, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx360	journal	February 2017
Modelling the line-of-sight contribution in substructure lensing Despali, Giulia; Vegetti, Simona; White, Simon D. M. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 475, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty159	journal	January 2018
Constraining sterile neutrino cosmologies with strong gravitational lensing observations at redshift z ∼ 0.2 Vegetti, S.; Despali, G.; Lovell, M. R. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2393	journal	September 2018
Is every strong lens model unhappy in its own way? Uniform modelling of a sample of 13 quadruply+ imaged quasars Shajib, A. J.; Birrer, S.; Treu, T. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3397	journal	December 2018
Modelling high-resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed highly star-forming galaxies detected by Herschel★ Dye, S.; Furlanetto, C.; Dunne, L. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty513	journal	February 2018
Testing star formation laws in a starburst galaxy at redshift 3 resolved with ALMA Sharda, P.; Federrath, C.; da Cunha, E. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 477, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty886	journal	April 2018
Fluorescent rings in star-free dark matter haloes Sykes, Calvin; Fumagalli, Michele; Cooke, Ryan Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1234	journal	May 2019
Galaxy mass profiles from strong lensing I: the circular power-law model O’Riordan, C. M.; Warren, S. J.; Mortlock, D. J. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1603	journal	June 2019
Quantifying the power spectrum of small-scale structure in semi-analytic galaxies Brennan, Sean; Benson, Andrew J.; Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 488, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1607	journal	August 2019
The tidal evolution of dark matter substructure – I. subhalo density profiles Green, Sheridan B.; van den Bosch, Frank C. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2767	journal	October 2019
Warm dark matter chills out: constraints on the halo mass function and the free-streaming length of dark matter with eight quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses Gilman, Daniel; Birrer, Simon; Nierenberg, Anna Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 491, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3480	journal	December 2019
DASH: a library of dynamical subhalo evolution Ogiya, Go; van den Bosch, Frank C.; Hahn, Oliver Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz375	journal	February 2019
Low-mass halo perturbations in strong gravitational lenses at redshift z ∼ 0.5 are consistent with CDM Ritondale, E.; Vegetti, S.; Despali, G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 485, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz464	journal	February 2019
Fast molecular outflow from a dusty star-forming galaxy in the early Universe Spilker, J. S.; Aravena, M.; Béthermin, M. Science, Vol. 361, Issue 6406 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap8900	journal	September 2018
Dark Matter Haloes and Subhaloes Zavala, Jesús; Frenk, Carlos S. Galaxies, Vol. 7, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies7040081	journal	September 2019
Probing the Small-scale Structure in Strongly Lensed Systems via Transdimensional Inference Daylan, Tansu; Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; Rivero, Ana Diaz The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 854, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaaa1e	journal	February 2018
An Analysis of ALMA Deep Fields and the Perceived Dearth of High- z Galaxies Casey, Caitlin M.; Hodge, Jacqueline; Zavala, Jorge A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aacd11	journal	July 2018
Probing Dark Matter Subhalos in Galaxy Clusters Using Highly Magnified Stars Dai, Liang; Venumadhav, Tejaswi; Kaurov, Alexander A. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aae478	journal	October 2018
Spatially Resolved [C ii] Emission in SPT0346-52: A Hyper-starburst Galaxy Merger at z ∼ 5.7 Litke, Katrina C.; Marrone, Daniel P.; Spilker, Justin S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 870, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aaf057	journal	January 2019
The Spur and the Gap in GD-1: Dynamical Evidence for a Dark Substructure in the Milky Way Halo Bonaca, Ana; Hogg, David W.; Price-Whelan, Adrian M. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2873	journal	July 2019
Spatially Resolved Water Emission from Gravitationally Lensed Dusty Star-forming Galaxies at z ∼ 3 Jarugula, Sreevani; Vieira, Joaquin D.; Spilker, Justin S. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab290d	journal	July 2019
A Precision Measurement of the Mass of the Black Hole in NGC 3258 from High-resolution ALMA Observations of Its Circumnuclear Disk Boizelle, Benjamin D.; Barth, Aaron J.; Walsh, Jonelle L. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab2a0a	journal	August 2019
Data-driven Reconstruction of Gravitationally Lensed Galaxies Using Recurrent Inference Machines Morningstar, Warren R.; Levasseur, Laurence Perreault; Hezaveh, Yashar D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab35d7	journal	September 2019
Constraints on Dark Matter Microphysics from the Milky Way Satellite Population Nadler, Ethan O.; Gluscevic, Vera; Boddy, Kimberly K. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 878, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ab1eb2	journal	June 2019
Measuring the power spectrum of dark matter substructure using strong gravitational lensing Hezaveh, Yashar; Dalal, Neal; Holder, Gilbert Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2016, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2016/11/048	journal	November 2016
Constraining the mass density of free-floating black holes using razor-thin lensing arcs Banik, Uddipan; van den Bosch, Frank C.; Tremmel, Michael Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 483, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty3267	journal	November 2018
Probing dark matter structure down to 107 solar masses: flux ratio statistics in gravitational lenses with line-of-sight haloes Gilman, Daniel; Birrer, Simon; Treu, Tommaso Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1593	journal	June 2019
The interplay of self-interacting dark matter and baryons in shaping the halo evolution Despali, Giulia; Sparre, Martin; Vegetti, Simona Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz273	journal	January 2019
The case against gravitational millilensing in the multiply-imaged quasar B1152+199 Asadi, Saghar; Zackrisson, Erik; Varenius, Eskil Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz3450	journal	December 2019
Stellar Wakes from Dark Matter Subhalos Buschmann, Malte; Kopp, Joachim; Safdi, Benjamin R. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.120.211101	journal	May 2018
The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts Ade, P.; Aguirre, J.; Ahmed, Z. Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.38168	text	January 2019
The boss Emission-Line lens Survey. iv. Smooth lens Models for the Bells Gallery Sample Shu, Yiping; Bolton, Adam S.; Mao, Shude The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 833, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/833/2/264	journal	December 2016
Resolved Molecular Gas and Star Formation Properties of the Strongly Lensed z = 2.26 Galaxy SDSS J0901+1814 Sharon, Chelsea E.; Tagore, Amitpal S.; Baker, Andrew J. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 879, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab22b9	journal	July 2019
Mining for Dark Matter Substructure: Inferring Subhalo Population Properties from Strong Lenses with Machine Learning Brehmer, Johann; Mishra-Sharma, Siddharth; Hermans, Joeri The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 886, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ab4c41	journal	November 2019
The Simons Observatory: science goals and forecasts Ade, Peter; Aguirre, James; Ahmed, Zeeshan Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, Vol. 2019, Issue 02 https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/056	journal	February 2019
LinKS: discovering galaxy-scale strong lenses in the Kilo-Degree Survey using convolutional neural networks Petrillo, C. E.; Tortora, C.; Vernardos, G. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz189	journal	January 2019
Linear perturbation theory for tidal streams and the small-scale CDM power spectrum Bovy, J.; Erkal, Denis; Sanders, Jason Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.47048	text	January 2017
Star Formation at z = 2.481 in the Lensed Galaxy SDSS J1110 = 6459. I. Lens Modeling and Source Reconstruction Johnson, Traci L.; Sharon, Keren; Gladders, Michael D. The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 843, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa7756	journal	July 2017
Probing the nature of dark matter by forward modelling flux ratios in strong gravitational lenses Gilman, Daniel; Birrer, Simon; Treu, Tommaso Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 481, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sty2261	journal	August 2018
The number and size of subhalo-induced gaps in stellar streams Erkal, Denis; Belokurov, Vasily; Bovy, Jo Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.4619	text	January 2016
A Dark Census: Statistically Detecting the Satellite Populations of Distant Galaxies Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; Moustakas, Leonidas A.; Keeton, Charles R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1506.01724	text	January 2015
The number and size of subhalo-induced gaps in stellar streams Erkal, Denis; Belokurov, Vasily; Bovy, Jo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1606.04946	text	January 2016
Ultralight scalars as cosmological dark matter Hui, Lam; Ostriker, Jeremiah P.; Tremaine, Scott arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1610.08297	text	January 2016
Modelling high resolution ALMA observations of strongly lensed highly star forming galaxies detected by Herschel Dye, S.; Furlanetto, C.; Dunne, L. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.05413	text	January 2017
Probing the small-scale structure in strongly lensed systems via transdimensional inference Daylan, Tansu; Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan; Rivero, Ana Diaz arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1706.06111	text	January 2017
Stellar Wakes from Dark Matter Subhalos Buschmann, Malte; Kopp, Joachim; Safdi, Benjamin R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.03554	text	January 2017
Testing Star Formation Laws in a Starburst Galaxy At Redshift 3 Resolved with ALMA Sharda, Piyush; Federrath, Christoph; da Cunha, Elisabete arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.03661	text	January 2017
Probing the nature of dark matter by forward modeling flux ratios in strong gravitational lenses Gilman, Daniel; Birrer, Simon; Treu, Tommaso arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1712.04945	text	January 2017
Constraining sterile neutrino cosmologies with strong gravitational lensing observations at redshift z~0.2 Vegetti, S.; Despali, G.; Lovell, M. R. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.01505	text	January 2018
Tidal disruption of fuzzy dark matter subhalo cores Du, Xiaolong; Schwabe, Bodo; Niemeyer, Jens C. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1801.04864	text	January 2018
Halometry from Astrometry Van Tilburg, Ken; Taki, Anna-Maria; Weiner, Neal arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1804.01991	text	January 2018
Is every strong lens model unhappy in its own way? Uniform modelling of a sample of 13 quadruply+ imaged quasars Shajib, A. J.; Birrer, S.; Treu, T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1807.09278	text	January 2018
The Simons Observatory: Science goals and forecasts Collaboration, The Simons Observatory; Ade, Peter; Aguirre, James arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.07445	text	January 2018
Gravitational Lensing and the Power Spectrum of Dark Matter Substructure: Insights from the ETHOS N-body Simulations Rivero, Ana Díaz; Dvorkin, Cora; Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.00004	text	January 2018
Fast Molecular Outflow from a Dusty Star-Forming Galaxy in the Early Universe Spilker, J. S.; Aravena, M.; Bethermin, M. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1809.01676	text	January 2018
Constraining the mass density of free-floating black holes using razor-thin lensing arcs Banik, Uddipan; Bosch, Frank C. van den; Tremmel, Michael arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.00637	text	January 2018
The case for gravitational millilensing in the multiply--imaged quasar B1152+199 Asadi, Saghar; Zackrisson, Erik; Varenius, Eskil arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1811.06053	text	January 2018
Galaxy mass profiles from strong lensing I: The circular power-law model O'Riordan, Conor M.; Warren, Stephen J.; Mortlock, Daniel J. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.08400	text	January 2019
Constraints on Dark Matter Microphysics from the Milky Way Satellite Population Nadler, Ethan O.; Gluscevic, Vera; Boddy, Kimberly K. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1904.10000	text	January 2019
Fluorescent rings in star-free dark matter haloes Sykes, Calvin; Fumagalli, Michele; Cooke, Ryan arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.00430	text	January 2019
Imaging the Molecular Interstellar Medium in a Gravitationally Lensed Star-forming Galaxy at z=5.7 Apostolovski, Yordanka; Aravena, Manuel; Anguita, Timo arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1905.12738	text	January 2019

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