Intrinsic Toroidal Rotation Driven by Turbulent and Neoclassical Processes in Tokamak Plasmas from Global Gyrokinetic Simulations

Zhu, Hongxuan; Stoltzfus-Dueck, Timothy; Hager, Robert; Ku, Seung-Hoe; Chang, Choong  Seock

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.133.025101

Intrinsic Toroidal Rotation Driven by Turbulent and Neoclassical Processes in Tokamak Plasmas from Global Gyrokinetic Simulations

Journal Article · Wed Jul 10 00:00:00 EDT 2024 · Physical Review Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.133.025101· OSTI ID:2403049

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[2]

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Gyrokinetic tokamak plasmas can exhibit intrinsic toroidal rotation driven by the residual stress. While most studies have attributed the residual stress to the parallel-momentum flux from the turbulent E × B motion, the parallel-momentum flux from the drift-orbit motion (denoted $$Π^D_\parallel$$) and the E × B-momentum flux from the E × B motion (denoted $$Π_{E×B}$$) are often neglected. Here, we use the global total-f gyrokinetic code XGC to study the residual stress in the core and the edge of a DIII-D H-mode plasma. Numerical results show that both $$Π^D_\parallel$$ and $$Π_{E×B}$$ make up a significant portion of the residual stress. In particular, $$Π^D_\parallel$$ in the core is higher than the collisional neoclassical level in the presence of turbulence, while in the edge it represents an outflux of countercurrent momentum even without turbulence. Using a recently developed “orbit-flux” formulation, we show that the higher-than-neoclassical-level $$Π^D_\parallel$$ in the core is driven by turbulence, while the outflux of countercurrent momentum from the edge is mainly due to collisional ion orbit loss. In conclusion, these results suggest that $$Π^D_\parallel$$ and $$Π_{E×B}$$ can be important for the study of intrinsic toroidal rotation.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), Princeton, NJ (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-09CH11466; AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2403049

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 2473787

Journal Information:: Physical Review Letters, Journal Name: Physical Review Letters Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 133; ISSN 0031-9007

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (59)

A new hybrid-Lagrangian numerical scheme for gyrokinetic simulation of tokamak edge plasma Ku, S.; Hager, R.; Chang, C. S. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 315 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.03.062	journal	June 2016
A fully non-linear multi-species Fokker–Planck–Landau collision operator for simulation of fusion plasma Hager, Robert; Yoon, E. S.; Ku, S. Journal of Computational Physics, Vol. 315 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2016.03.064	journal	June 2016
X-transport: A baseline nonambipolar transport in a diverted tokamak plasma edge Chang, C. S.; Kue, Seunghoe; Weitzner, H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 9, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1490348	journal	September 2002
Controlling edge plasma rotation through poloidally localized refueling Helander, P.; Fülöp, T.; Catto, Peter J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 10, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1616014	journal	November 2003
Numerical study of neoclassical plasma pedestal in a tokamak geometry Chang, C. S.; Ku, Seunghoe; Weitzner, H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1707024	journal	May 2004
Property of an X-point generated velocity-space hole in a diverted tokamak plasma edge Ku, Seunghoe; Baek, Hoyul; Chang, C. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 11, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1812273	journal	December 2004
Intrinsic rotation and electric field shear Gürcan, Ö. D.; Diamond, P. H.; Hahm, T. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 14, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2717891	journal	April 2007
Spontaneous rotation sources in a quiescent tokamak edge plasma Chang, C. S.; Ku, S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2937116	journal	June 2008
Nonlinear flow generation by electrostatic turbulence in tokamaks Wang, W. X.; Diamond, P. H.; Hahm, T. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3459096	journal	July 2010
Energetic consistency and momentum conservation in the gyrokinetic description of tokamak plasmas Scott, B.; Smirnov, J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 17, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3507920	journal	November 2010
Gyrokinetic simulation of momentum transport with residual stress from diamagnetic level velocity shears Waltz, R. E.; Staebler, G. M.; Solomon, W. M. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3579481	journal	April 2011
Intrinsic rotation generation in ELM-free H-mode plasmas in the DIII-D tokamak—Experimental observations Müller, S. H.; Boedo, J. A.; Burrell, K. H. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3605041	journal	July 2011
Conservation equations and calculation of mean flows in gyrokinetics Abiteboul, J.; Garbet, X.; Grandgirard, V. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3620407	journal	August 2011
Exact momentum conservation laws for the gyrokinetic Vlasov-Poisson equations Brizard, Alain J.; Tronko, Natalia Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 18, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3625554	journal	August 2011
Turbulent acceleration and heating in toroidal magnetized plasmas Garbet, X.; Esteve, D.; Sarazin, Y. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 20, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4816021	journal	July 2013
Full- f gyrokinetic simulation over a confinement time Idomura, Yasuhiro Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867180	journal	February 2014
A Fokker-Planck-Landau collision equation solver on two-dimensional velocity grid and its application to particle-in-cell simulation Yoon, E. S.; Chang, C. S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4867359	journal	March 2014
The effect of diamagnetic flows on turbulent driven ion toroidal rotation Lee, J. P.; Barnes, M.; Parra, F. I. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4872322	journal	May 2014
Toroidal momentum transport in a tokamak due to profile shearing Buchholz, R.; Camenen, Y.; Casson, F. J. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4882443	journal	June 2014
Intrinsic momentum generation by a combined neoclassical and turbulence mechanism in diverted DIII-D plasma edge Seo, Janghoon; Chang, C. S.; Ku, S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 21, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4894242	journal	September 2014
Toroidal angular momentum balance during rotation changes induced by electron heating modulation in tokamak plasmas Idomura, Yasuhiro Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4996017	journal	July 2017
Understanding and predicting profile structure and parametric scaling of intrinsic rotation Wang, W. X.; Grierson, B. A.; Ethier, S. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 24, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4997789	journal	September 2017
A fast low-to-high confinement mode bifurcation dynamics in the boundary-plasma gyrokinetic code XGC1 Ku, S.; Chang, C. S.; Hager, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 25, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5020792	journal	May 2018
A geometric model of ion orbit loss under the influence of a radial electric field Brzozowski, Robert W.; Jenko, Frank; Bilato, Roberto Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 26, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5075613	journal	April 2019
Anomalous momentum transport from drift wave turbulence Dominguez, R. R.; Staebler, G. M. Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.860610	journal	November 1993
Constructing a new predictive scaling formula for ITER's divertor heat-load width informed by a simulation-anchored machine learning Chang, C. S.; Ku, S.; Hager, R. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 28, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0027637	journal	February 2021
On the interplay between interchange turbulence and sheared flows Peret, M.; Fedorczak, N.; Vermare, L. Physics of Plasmas, Vol. 29, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0086992	journal	July 2022
Loss ion orbits at the tokamak edge Chankin, A. V.; McCracken, G. M. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 33, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/33/10/I05	journal	October 1993
Direct ion orbit loss near the plasma edge of a divertor tokamak in the presence of a radial electric field Miyamoto, K. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 36, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/36/7/I09	journal	July 1996
Intrinsic toroidal velocity near the edge of DIII-D H-mode plasmas deGrassie, J. S.; Groebner, R. J.; Burrell, K. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 49, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/49/8/085020	journal	July 2009
Predictions on heat transport and plasma rotation from global gyrokinetic simulations Sarazin, Y.; Grandgirard, V.; Abiteboul, J. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/10/103023	journal	September 2011
Overview of toroidal momentum transport Peeters, A. G.; Angioni, C.; Bortolon, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 51, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/51/9/094027	journal	August 2011
Plasma flow due to a loss-cone distribution centred around the outboard edge in DIII-D deGrassie, J. S.; Müller, S. H.; Boedo, J. A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/1/013010	journal	December 2011
Shear-induced Reynolds stress at the edge of L-mode tokamak plasmas Fedorczak, N.; Diamond, P. H.; Tynan, G. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/10/103013	journal	September 2012
Physics of intrinsic rotation in flux-driven ITG turbulence Ku, S.; Abiteboul, J.; Diamond, P. H. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 52, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/52/6/063013	journal	April 2012
An overview of intrinsic torque and momentum transport bifurcations in toroidal plasmas Diamond, P. H.; Kosuga, Y.; Gürcan, Ö. D. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1088/0029-5515/53/10/104019	journal	September 2013
On the interaction of turbulence and flows in toroidal plasmas Stroth, U.; Manz, P.; Ramisch, M. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 53, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/53/2/024006	journal	January 2011
Intrinsic rotation in tokamaks: theory Parra, Felix I.; Barnes, Michael Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/57/4/045002	journal	March 2015
Intrinsic rotation in axisymmetric devices Stoltzfus-Dueck, T. Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 61, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ab4376	journal	November 2019
Orbit-modulated transport and sources in time-dependent plasmas Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.; Zhu, Hongxuan Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6587/ac2034	journal	September 2021
Impact of poloidal convective cells on momentum flux in tokamaks Garbet, X.; Asahi, Y.; Donnel, P. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aa5772	journal	January 2017
On the effect of neoclassical flows on intrinsic momentum in ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic L-mode plasmas Hornsby, W. A.; Angioni, C.; Fable, E. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5aa1	journal	February 2017
Momentum flux parasitic to free-energy transfer Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.; Scott, B. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7289	journal	July 2017
Gyrokinetic projection of the divertor heat-flux width from present tokamaks to ITER Chang, C. S.; Ku, S.; Loarte, A. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 57, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa7efb	journal	August 2017
Optimized up–down asymmetry to drive fast intrinsic rotation in tokamaks Ball, Justin; Parra, Felix I.; Landreman, Matt Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa9a50	journal	December 2017
Global gyrokinetic simulations of intrinsic rotation in ASDEX Upgrade Ohmic L-mode plasmas Hornsby, W. A.; Angioni, C.; Lu, Z. X. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 58, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aab22f	journal	March 2018
Orbit-modulated plasma transport and sources Stoltzfus-Dueck, T. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 60, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ab5339	journal	December 2019
Effects of collisional ion orbit loss on neoclassical tokamak radial electric fields Zhu, Hongxuan; Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.; Hager, R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 62, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac5b8a	journal	April 2022
Effects of collisional ion orbit loss on tokamak radial electric field and toroidal rotation in an L-mode plasma Zhu, Hongxuan; Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.; Hager, R. Nuclear Fusion, Vol. 63, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/acc815	journal	April 2023
Gyrokinetic Studies on Turbulence-Driven and Neoclassical Nondiffusive Toroidal-Momentum Transport and the Effect of Residual Fluctuations in Strong E × B Shear Wang, W. X.; Hahm, T. S.; Ethier, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.035005	journal	January 2009
Transport of Parallel Momentum Induced by Current-Symmetry Breaking in Toroidal Plasmas Camenen, Y.; Peeters, A. G.; Angioni, C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.125001	journal	March 2009
Toroidal Rotation Driven by the Polarization Drift McDevitt, C. J.; Diamond, P. H.; Gürcan, Ö. D. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 103, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.205003	journal	November 2009
Trapped Electron Mode Turbulence Driven Intrinsic Rotation in Tokamak Plasmas Wang, W. X.; Hahm, T. S.; Ethier, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.085001	journal	February 2011
Experimental Investigation of the Role of Fluid Turbulent Stresses and Edge Plasma Flows for Intrinsic Rotation Generation in DIII-D H -Mode Plasmas Müller, S. H.; Boedo, J. A.; Burrell, K. H. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 106, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.115001	journal	March 2011
Transport-Driven Toroidal Rotation in the Tokamak Edge Stoltzfus-Dueck, T. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 108, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.108.065002	journal	February 2012
X -Point-Position-Dependent Intrinsic Toroidal Rotation in the Edge of the TCV Tokamak Stoltzfus-Dueck, T.; Karpushov, A. N.; Sauter, O. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 24 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.245001	journal	June 2015
Main-Ion Intrinsic Toroidal Rotation Profile Driven by Residual Stress Torque from Ion Temperature Gradient Turbulence in the DIII-D Tokamak Grierson, B. A.; Wang, W. X.; Ethier, S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.015002	journal	January 2017
Model of L to H -Mode Transition in Tokamak Itoh, Sanae-I.; Itoh, Kimitaka Physical Review Letters, Vol. 60, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.60.2276	journal	May 1988
Bifurcation theory of poloidal rotation in tokamaks: A model for L-H transition Shaing, K.; Crume, E. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 63, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.63.2369	journal	November 1989

Similar Records

Effects of collisional ion orbit loss on neoclassical tokamak radial electric fields

Journal Article · Tue Apr 05 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Nuclear Fusion · OSTI ID:1856202

Gyrokinetic Studies on Turbulence-Driven and Neoclassical Nondiffusive Toroidal-Momentum Transport and the Effect of Residual Fluctuations in Strong ExB Shear

Journal Article · Thu Jan 22 23:00:00 EST 2009 · Physical Review Letters · OSTI ID:21180148

Related Subjects

70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY
gyrofluid & gyrokinetics
particle-in-cell methods
plasma transport
plasma turbulence
tokamaks

Intrinsic Toroidal Rotation Driven by Turbulent and Neoclassical Processes in Tokamak Plasmas from Global Gyrokinetic Simulations

Citation Formats

References (59)

Similar Records

Related Subjects