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Morphodynamics of dendrite growth in alumina based all solid-state sodium metal batteries

Journal Article · · Energy & Environmental Science
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ee00237c· OSTI ID:2323896
 [1];  [2];  [1];  [1];  [3];  [4];  [1];  [2];  [4];  [4];  [5];  [6];  [7];  [1];  [5];  [2];  [8]
  1. Yanshan Univ., Qinhuangdao (China). Key Lab. of Metastable Materials Science and Technology
  2. Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
  3. Yanshan Univ., Qinhuangdao (China). Key Lab. of Metastable Materials Science and Technology; Osaka Univ. (Japan)
  4. Xiangtan Univ. (China). Key Lab. of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology
  5. Yanshan Univ., Qinhuangdao (China). Key Lab. of Metastable Materials Science and Technology; Yanshan Univ., Qinhuangdao (China). Hebei Key Lab. of Applied Chemistry
  6. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  7. Osaka Univ. (Japan)
  8. Yanshan Univ., Qinhuangdao (China). Key Lab. of Metastable Materials Science and Technology; Xiangtan Univ. (China). Key Lab. of Low Dimensional Materials and Application Technology
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All solid-state batteries (ASSBs) with ceramic electrolytes and alkali metal anodes are a potential future energy storage technology for vehicle electrification and smart grids. However, uncontrollable dendrite growth toward ultimate short circuiting in solid electrolytes (SEs) has become a serious concern in the design of long-cycle, safe ASSBs, and the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. Here through multiscale imaging and morphodynamic tracking we show that Na dendrites grow in β''-Al2O3 SEs through an alternating sequence of Na deposition and crack propagation. Atomic-scale imaging evidenced that electrochemical cycling causes massive delamination cracking along the Na+ conduction planes, accompanied by the closure of neighboring conduction channels. In situ SEM observations revealed a dynamic interplay between Na deposition and crack propagation: Na deposition accumulates mechanical stress that induces cracking; cracking releases the local stress, which promotes further Na deposition. Thus, Na deposition and cracking alternatingly proceed until short circuits take place. A multiscale phase-field model is developed to recapitulate the morphodynamics of Na dendrite growth, predicting the tree-like fractal morphology of the growing dendrites. Importantly, our findings suggest that decoupling between Na deposition and cracking represents an important route to mitigate uncontrollable dendrite growth in ASSBs.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231
OSTI ID:
2323896
Journal Information:
Energy & Environmental Science, Journal Name: Energy & Environmental Science Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 16; ISSN 1754-5692
Publisher:
Royal Society of ChemistryCopyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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