Lithium Deposition-Induced Fracture of Carbon Nanotubes and Its Implication to Solid-State Batteries

Chen, Jingzhao; Zhao, Chao; Xue, Dingchuan; Zhang, Liqiang; Yang, Tingting; Du, Congcong; Zhang, Xuedong; Fang, Ruyue; Guo, Baiyu; Ye, Hongjun; Li, Hui; Dai, Qiushi; Zhao, Jun; Li, Yanshuai; Harris, Stephen J.; Tang, Yongfu; Ding, Feng; Zhang, Sulin; Huang, Jianyu

doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01910

Title: Lithium Deposition-Induced Fracture of Carbon Nanotubes and Its Implication to Solid-State Batteries

Journal Article · Mon Aug 09 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Nano Letters

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01910· OSTI ID:1841172

Chen, Jingzhao ^[1]; Zhao, Chao ^[2]; Xue, Dingchuan ^[3]; Zhang, Liqiang ^[1]; Yang, Tingting ^[1]; Du, Congcong ^[1]; Zhang, Xuedong ^[4]; Fang, Ruyue ^[3]; Guo, Baiyu ^[1]; Ye, Hongjun ^[1]; Li, Hui ^[1]; Dai, Qiushi ^[1]; Zhao, Jun ^[1]; Li, Yanshuai ^[1]; Harris, Stephen J. ^[5];

^[1]; Ding, Feng ^[2]; Zhang, Sulin ^[3];

^[6]

Yanshan Univ., Qinhuangdao (China)
Ulsan National Inst. of Science and Technology (UNIST) (Korea)
Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
Xiangtan Univ., Hunan (China)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Yanshan Univ., Qinhuangdao (China); Xiangtan Univ., Hunan (China)

The increasing demand for safe and dense energy storage has shifted research focus from liquid electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries toward solid-state batteries (SSBs). However, the application of SSBs is impeded by uncontrollable Li dendrite growth and short circuiting, the mechanism of which remains elusive. Herein, we conceptualize a scheme to visualize Li deposition in the confined space inside carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to mimic Li deposition dynamics inside solid electrolyte (SE) cracks, where the high-strength CNT walls mimic the mechanically strong SEs. We observed that the deposited Li propagates as a creeping solid in the CNTs, presenting an effective pathway for stress relaxation. When the stress-relaxation pathway is blocked, the Li deposition-induced stress reaches the gigapascal level and causes CNT fracture. Mechanics analysis suggests that interfacial lithiophilicity critically governs Li deposition dynamics and stress relaxation. Furthermore, our study offers critical strategies for suppressing Li dendritic growth and constructing high-energy-density, electrochemically and mechanically robust SSBs.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1841172

Journal Information:: Nano Letters, Vol. 21, Issue 16; ISSN 1530-6984

Publisher:: American Chemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (40)

Plan-View Operando Video Microscopy of Li Metal Anodes: Identifying the Coupled Relationships among Nucleation, Morphology, and Reversibility Sanchez, Adrian J.; Kazyak, Eric; Chen, Yuxin ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00215	journal	March 2020
Critical stripping current leads to dendrite formation on plating in lithium anode solid electrolyte cells Kasemchainan, Jitti; Zekoll, Stefanie; Spencer Jolly, Dominic Nature Materials, Vol. 18, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-019-0438-9	journal	July 2019
High electronic conductivity as the origin of lithium dendrite formation within solid electrolytes Han, Fudong; Westover, Andrew S.; Yue, Jie Nature Energy, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-018-0312-z	journal	January 2019
Revealing the Short‐Circuiting Mechanism of Garnet‐Based Solid‐State Electrolyte Song, Yongli; Yang, Luyi; Zhao, Wenguang Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201900671	journal	April 2019
Recent Progress on Advanced Imaging Techniques for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Deng, Zhe; Lin, Xing; Huang, Zhenyu Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202000806	journal	June 2020
Lithium-Metal Growth Kinetics on LLZO Garnet-Type Solid Electrolytes Krauskopf, Thorben; Dippel, Rabea; Hartmann, Hannah Joule, Vol. 3, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.06.013	journal	August 2019
Anisotropic Swelling and Fracture of Silicon Nanowires during Lithiation Liu, Xiao Hua; Zheng, He; Zhong, Li Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 8, p. 3312-3318 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl201684d	journal	August 2011
Electro-chemo-mechanics of lithium in solid state lithium metal batteries Tang, Yongfu; Zhang, Liqiang; Chen, Jingzhao Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 14, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE02525A	journal	January 2021
Air-Stable Lithium Spheres Produced by Electrochemical Plating Yang, Tingting; Jia, Peng; Liu, Qiunan Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 57, Issue 39 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201807355	journal	August 2018
In situ observation of cracking and self-healing of solid electrolyte interphases during lithium deposition Yang, Tingting; Li, Hui; Tang, Yongfu Science Bulletin, Vol. 66, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.002	journal	September 2021
In situ TEM electrochemistry of anode materials in lithium ion batteries Liu, Xiao Hua; Huang, Jian Yu Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 4, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee01918j	journal	January 2011
Visualizing plating-induced cracking in lithium-anode solid-electrolyte cells Ning, Ziyang; Jolly, Dominic Spencer; Li, Guanchen Nature Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-021-00967-8	journal	April 2021
Creep-Enabled 3D Solid-State Lithium-Metal Battery Wang, Ziqiang; Li, Xiaoyan; Chen, Yuming Chem, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chempr.2020.09.005	journal	November 2020
Polymer Electrolyte Glue: A Universal Interfacial Modification Strategy for All-Solid-State Li Batteries Dong, Derui; Zhou, Bin; Sun, Yufei Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b05019	journal	March 2019
Dendrites as climbing dislocations in ceramic electrolytes: Initiation of growth Shishvan, S. S.; Fleck, N. A.; McMeeking, R. M. Journal of Power Sources, Vol. 456 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.227989	journal	April 2020
A Mechanism of Lithium Storage in Disordered Carbons Sato, K.; Noguchi, M.; Demachi, A. Science, Vol. 264, Issue 5158 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.264.5158.556	journal	April 1994
Probing buckling and post-buckling deformation of hollow amorphous carbon nanospheres: In-situ experiment and theoretical analysis Yang, Weizhu; Yang, Jia; Dong, Yize Carbon, Vol. 137 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.05.047	journal	October 2018
Lithium whisker growth and stress generation in an in situ atomic force microscope–environmental transmission electron microscope set-up Zhang, Liqiang; Yang, Tingting; Du, Congcong Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 15, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0604-x	journal	January 2020
3D Imaging of Lithium Protrusions in Solid‐State Lithium Batteries using X‐Ray Computed Tomography Hao, Shuai; Bailey, Josh J.; Iacoviello, Francesco Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 31, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202007564	journal	December 2020
High-Safety All-Solid-State Lithium-Metal Battery with High-Ionic-Conductivity Thermoresponsive Solid Polymer Electrolyte Zhou, Jinqiu; Qian, Tao; Liu, Jie Nano Letters, Vol. 19, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00450	journal	March 2019
Mechanism of lithium insertion in hard carbons prepared by pyrolysis of epoxy resins Liu, Yinghu; Xue, J. S.; Zheng, Tao Carbon, Vol. 34, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(96)00177-7	journal	January 1996
Elastic, plastic, and creep mechanical properties of lithium metal Masias, Alvaro; Felten, Nando; Garcia-Mendez, Regina Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 54, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2971-3	journal	October 2018
Pressure-Driven Interface Evolution in Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Zhang, Xin; Wang, Q. Jane; Harrison, Katharine L. Cell Reports Physical Science, Vol. 1, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2019.100012	journal	February 2020
Three-Dimensional, Solid-State Mixed Electron–Ion Conductive Framework for Lithium Metal Anode Xu, Shaomao; McOwen, Dennis W.; Wang, Chengwei Nano Letters, Vol. 18, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01295	journal	May 2018
In Situ Observation of Sodium Dendrite Growth and Concurrent Mechanical Property Measurements Using an Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy–Atomic Force Microscopy (ETEM-AFM) Platform Liu, Qiunan; Zhang, Liqiang; Sun, Haiming ACS Energy Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.0c01214	journal	July 2020
Powering the Planet Lewis, Nathan S. MRS Bulletin, Vol. 32, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs2007.168	journal	October 2007
Li metal deposition and stripping in a solid-state battery via Coble creep Chen, Yuming; Wang, Ziqiang; Li, Xiaoyan Nature, Vol. 578, Issue 7794 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-1972-y	journal	February 2020
A New General Paradigm for Understanding and Preventing Li Metal Penetration through Solid Electrolytes Qi, Yue; Ban, Chunmei; Harris, Stephen J. Joule, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2020.10.009	journal	December 2020
Strength and Breaking Mechanism of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Under Tensile Load Yu, M. Science, Vol. 287, Issue 5453 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.287.5453.637	journal	January 2000
Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy observation of lithium metal growth and dissolution: Root growth, dead lithium and lithium flotsams Kushima, Akihiro; So, Kang Pyo; Su, Cong Nano Energy, Vol. 32 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2016.12.001	journal	February 2017
Characterizing the mechanical behavior of lithium in compression Masias, Alvaro; Felten, Nando; Sakamoto, Jeff Journal of Materials Research, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-020-00028-x	journal	January 2021
Growth rate of lithium filaments in ceramic electrolytes Shishvan, S. S.; Fleck, N. A.; McMeeking, R. M. Acta Materialia, Vol. 196 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.06.060	journal	September 2020
Lithiation-Induced Embrittlement of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Liu, Yang; Zheng, He; Liu, Xiao Hua ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/nn202071y	journal	August 2011
Stable cycling of double-walled silicon nanotube battery anodes through solid–electrolyte interphase control Wu, Hui; Chan, Gerentt; Choi, Jang Wook Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 7, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2012.35	journal	March 2012
Mechanism of Lithium Metal Penetration through Inorganic Solid Electrolytes Porz, Lukas; Swamy, Tushar; Sheldon, Brian W. Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201701003	journal	July 2017
In Situ TEM Experiments of Electrochemical Lithiation and Delithiation of Individual Nanostructures Liu, Xiao Hua; Liu, Yang; Kushima, Akihiro Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201200024	journal	May 2012
Li Penetration in Ceramic Solid Electrolytes: Operando Microscopy Analysis of Morphology, Propagation, and Reversibility Kazyak, Eric; Garcia-Mendez, Regina; LePage, William S. Matter, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.02.008	journal	April 2020
Tracking lithium penetration in solid electrolytes in 3D by in-situ synchrotron X-ray computed tomography Hao, Shuai; Daemi, Sohrab R.; Heenan, Thomas M. M. Nano Energy, Vol. 82 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.105744	journal	April 2021
Lithium Metal Anode Materials Design: Interphase and Host Wang, Hansen; Liu, Yayuan; Li, Yuzhang Electrochemical Energy Reviews, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1007/s41918-019-00054-2	journal	October 2019
Large-deformation and high-strength amorphous porous carbon nanospheres Yang, Weizhu; Mao, Shimin; Yang, Jia Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24187	journal	April 2016

Similar Records

Increasing the Pressure‐Free Stripping Capacity of the Lithium Metal Anode in Solid‐State‐Batteries by Carbon Nanotubes

Journal Article · Tue May 31 00:00:00 EDT 2022 · Advanced Energy Materials · OSTI ID:1841172

Fuchs, Till; Haslam, Catherine G.; Moy, Alexandra C.; +5 more

High electronic conductivity as the origin of lithium dendrite formation within solid electrolytes

Journal Article · Mon Jan 14 00:00:00 EST 2019 · Nature Energy · OSTI ID:1841172

Han, Fudong; Westover, Andrew S.; Yue, Jie; +7 more

Morphodynamics of dendrite growth in alumina based all solid-state sodium metal batteries

Journal Article · Thu May 18 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Energy & Environmental Science · OSTI ID:1841172

Geng, Lin; Xue, Dingchuan; Yao, Jingming; +14 more

Related Subjects

25 ENERGY STORAGE
:solid-state batteries
Li dendrite
Li propagation
deposition stress
CNT fracture
stress
metals
deformation
deposition
carbon nanotubes

Title: Lithium Deposition-Induced Fracture of Carbon Nanotubes and Its Implication to Solid-State Batteries

Citation Formats

References (40)

Similar Records

Related Subjects