Inkjet-printed SnOx as an effective electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells and the effect of Cu doping

Lu, Dongli; Yang, Feipeng; Dun, Chaochao; Guo, Jinghua; Urban, Jeffrey J.; Belova, Liubov

doi:10.1098/rsos.231331

Title: Inkjet-printed SnO_x as an effective electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells and the effect of Cu doping

Journal Article · Wed Feb 21 00:00:00 EST 2024 · Royal Society Open Science

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.231331· OSTI ID:2318484

^[1];

^[2]; Dun, Chaochao ^[3]; Guo, Jinghua ^[3]; Urban, Jeffrey J. ^[3]; Belova, Liubov ^[1]

KTH Royal Inst. of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Inkjet printing is a more sustainable and scalable fabrication method than spin coating for producing perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although spin-coated SnO₂ has been intensively studied as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for PSCs, inkjet-printed SnO₂ ETLs have not been widely reported. Here, we fabricated inkjet-printed, solution-processed SnO_x ETLs for planar PSCs. A champion efficiency of 17.55% was achieved for the cell using a low-temperature processed SnO_x ETL. The low-temperature SnO_x exhibited an amorphous structure and outperformed high-temperature crystalline SnO₂. The improved performance was attributed to enhanced charge extraction and transport and suppressed charge recombination at ETL/perovskite interfaces, which originated from enhanced electrical and optical properties of SnO_x, improved perovskite film quality, and well-matched energy level alignment between the SnO_x ETL and the perovskite layer. Furthermore, SnO_x was doped with Cu. Cu doping increased surface oxygen defects and upshifted energy levels of SnO_x, leading to reduced device performance. A tunable hysteresis was observed for PSCs with Cu-doped SnO_x ETLs, decreasing at first and turning into inverted hysteresis afterwards with increasing Cu doping level. This tunable hysteresis was related to the interplay between charge/ion accumulation and recombination at ETL/perovskite interfaces in the case of electron extraction barriers.

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Research Organization:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Scientific User Facilities (SUF)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 2318484

Journal Information:: Royal Society Open Science, Vol. 11, Issue 2; ISSN 2054-5703

Publisher:: The Royal Society PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
inkjet printing
SnOx
Cu doping
perovskite solar cells
hysteresis
low-temperature solution process

Title: Inkjet-printed SnOx as an effective electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells and the effect of Cu doping

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Title: Inkjet-printed SnO_x as an effective electron transport layer for planar perovskite solar cells and the effect of Cu doping