Impact of heating and cooling loads on battery energy storage system sizing in extreme cold climates

Olis, Walker Phillip; Rosewater, David Martin; Nguyen, Tu Anh; Byrne, Raymond H.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2023.127878

Impact of heating and cooling loads on battery energy storage system sizing in extreme cold climates

Journal Article · Thu May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Energy

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.127878· OSTI ID:2311513

^[1]; ^[1]; Nguyen, Tu Anh ^[1]; Byrne, Raymond H. ^[1]

Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Efficient operation of battery energy storage systems requires that battery temperature remains within a specific range. Current techno-economic models neglect the parasitic loads heating and cooling operations have on these devices, assuming they operate at constant temperature. In this work, these effects are investigated considering the optimal sizing of battery energy storage systems when deployed in cold environments. Here, a peak shaving application is presented as a linear programming problem which is then formulated in the PYOMO optimization programming language. The building energy simulation software EnergyPlus is used to model the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning load of the battery energy storage system enclosure. Case studies are conducted for eight locations in the United States considering a nickel manganese cobalt oxide lithium ion battery type and whether the power conversion system is inside or outside the enclosure. The results show an increase of 42% to 300% in energy capacity size, 43% to 217% in power rating, and 43% to 296% increase in capital cost dependent on location. This analysis shows that the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning load can have a large impact on the optimal sizes and cost of a battery energy storage system and merit consideration in techno-economic studies.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA); USDOE Office of Electricity (OE)

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0003525

OSTI ID:: 2311513

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1999824

Report Number(s):: SAND--2023-09729J

Journal Information:: Energy, Journal Name: Energy Journal Issue: Part B Vol. 278; ISSN 0360-5442

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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