Improving the barrier properties of tin oxide in metal halide perovskite solar cells using ozone to enhance nucleation

Johnson, Samuel A.; White, Keith P.; Tong, Jinhui; You, Shuai; Magomedov, Artiom; Larson, Bryon W.; Morales, Daniel; Bramante, Rosemary; Dunphy, Erin; Tirawat, Robert; Perkins, Craig L.; Werner, Jérémie; Lahti, Gabriella; Velez, Christian; Toney, Michael F.; Zhu, Kai; McGehee, Michael D.; Berry, Joseph J.; Palmstrom, Axel F.

doi:10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.009

Improving the barrier properties of tin oxide in metal halide perovskite solar cells using ozone to enhance nucleation

Journal Article · Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Joule

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.10.009· OSTI ID:2280790

Johnson, Samuel A. ^[1]; White, Keith P. ^[1]; Tong, Jinhui ^[2]; You, Shuai ^[2]; Magomedov, Artiom ^[1]; Larson, Bryon W. ^[2]; Morales, Daniel ^[1]; Bramante, Rosemary ^[3]; Dunphy, Erin ^[1]; ^[2]; Perkins, Craig L. ^[2]; Werner, Jérémie ^[1]; Lahti, Gabriella ^[2]; Velez, Christian ^[2]; Toney, Michael F. ^[1]; Zhu, Kai ^[2]; McGehee, Michael D. ^[4]; Berry, Joseph J. ^[3]; ^[2]

University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Here we investigate tin oxide growth on fullerene (C₆₀) by atomic layer deposition (ALD) for C₆₀/oxide bilayer electron selective contacts in P-I-N metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells. An in situ ozone functionalization step is incorporated in an ALD SnO_x process to suppress sub-surface growth, leading to improved internal barrier performance of ALD SnO_x thin films grown on fullerene surfaces. We show that this approach decreases the water-vapor transmission rate of C₆₀/ALD SnO_x barriers by an order of magnitude and improves the barrier properties against gas, solvent, and halide migration. Furthermore, ozone-treated SnO_x barriers can narrow photovoltaic performance distribution without compromising efficiency. We demonstrate the universality of this approach in wide-, intermediate-, and low-gap perovskite systems and further show that enhancement of the ALD barrier layer is critical toward improving the yield of all-perovskite tandem solar cells. Two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar cells incorporating ozone nucleation are reported at over 24% photovoltaic conversion efficiency.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Colorado Shared Instrumentation in Nanofabrication and Characterization (COSINC); USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC36-08GO28308; EE0008551; EE0009513

OSTI ID:: 2280790

Report Number(s):: NREL/JA--5K00-84908; MainId:85681; UUID:ed93fb3e-04bf-4e1f-8d34-3a12bb65802e; MainAdminID:70973

Journal Information:: Joule, Journal Name: Joule Journal Issue: 12 Vol. 7; ISSN 2542-4351

Publisher:: Elsevier - Cell PressCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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14 SOLAR ENERGY
atomic layer deposition
internal barrier
metal halide perovskite solar cells
nucleation
ozone functionalization
tandem solar cell
tin oxide

Improving the barrier properties of tin oxide in metal halide perovskite solar cells using ozone to enhance nucleation

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