A Model for SSTDR Signal Propagation Through Photovoltaic Strings

Ellis, Hunter D.; Saleh, Mashad Uddin; Kingston, Samuel R.; Harley, Joel B.; Scarpulla, Michael A.; Benoit, Evan J.; Furse, Cynthia M.

doi:10.1109/jphotov.2020.3023801

A Model for SSTDR Signal Propagation Through Photovoltaic Strings

Journal Article · Mon Oct 05 04:00:00 EDT 2020 · IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2020.3023801· OSTI ID:2234339

^[1]; ^[2]; Kingston, Samuel R. ^[2]; ^[3]; ^[2]; Benoit, Evan J. ^[2]; ^[4]

Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); University of Utah
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)
Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States)
Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); LiveWire Innovation, Camarillo, CA (United States)

The ability of spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) to detect and locate faults in photovoltaic (PV) systems is considered in this article. This article provides a simulation that could be used for studying how faults and other parameters affect the reflectometry response and evaluating fault detection algorithms, for providing comparison simulations in iterative inversion algorithms used to detect and locate faults, or it could potentially be used to replace the measured baseline for these algorithms. The simulation uses an enhanced systematic solution procedure to find the reflection signature of the PV system, and is capable of modeling elements with complex impedance in both series and parallel separated by transmission lines. This article is an expansion of previous work to be capable of simulating systems containing n number of elements (such as PV panels and transmission lines) in series or parallel. Finally, the simulation was tested for 20 systems containing up to four resistors, capacitors, and PV cells, and was compared to the measured data.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Renewable Power Office. Solar Energy Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: EE0008169

OSTI ID:: 2234339

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1848693

Journal Information:: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Journal Name: IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics Journal Issue: 6 Vol. 10; ISSN 2156-3381

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (27)

Modeling and fault diagnosis of a photovoltaic system Chao, Kuei-Hsiang; Ho, Sheng-Han; Wang, Meng-Hui Electric Power Systems Research, Vol. 78, Issue 1, p. 97-105 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2006.12.012	journal	January 2008
Grid-connected photovoltaic power systems: Technical and potential problems—A review Eltawil, Mohamed A.; Zhao, Zhengming Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 14, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.07.015	journal	January 2010
Faults and infrared thermographic diagnosis in operating c-Si photovoltaic modules: A review of research and future challenges Tsanakas, John A.; Ha, Long; Buerhop, Claudia Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 62 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.04.079	journal	September 2016
The use of the frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain method for induced current and SAR calculations for a heterogeneous model of the human body Furse, C. M.; Gandhi, O. P. IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/15.293278	journal	May 1994
Scattering parameter transient analysis of transmission lines loaded with nonlinear terminations Schutt-Aine, J. E.; Mittra, R. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 36, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/22.3545	journal	March 1988
Interconnect characterization using time-domain reflectometry Corey, S. D.; Yang, A. T. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 43, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1109/22.414553	journal	January 1995
Why the DFT is faster than the FFT for FDTD time-to-frequency domain conversions Furse, C. M.; Gandhi, O. P. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/75.465048	journal	January 1995
Frequency-dependent FDTD methods using Z transforms Sullivan, D. M. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 40, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1109/8.182455	journal	January 1992
A frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain formulation for transient propagation in plasma Luebbers, R. J.; Hunsberger, F.; Kunz, K. S. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 39, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/8.64431	journal	January 1991
PV ground-fault detection using spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) Alam, Mohammed Khorshed; Khan, Faisal; Johnson, Jay 2013 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2013.6646814	conference	September 2013
PV arc-fault detection using spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) Alam, Mohammed Khorshed; Khan, Faisal H.; Johnson, Jay 2014 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE.2014.6953848	conference	September 2014
A Comprehensive Review of Catastrophic Faults in PV Arrays: Types, Detection, and Mitigation Techniques Alam, Mohammed Khorshed; Khan, Faisal; Johnson, Jay IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2015.2397599	journal	May 2015
Signal Propagation Through Piecewise Transmission Lines for Interpretation of Reflectometry in Photovoltaic Systems Saleh, Mashad Uddin; LaCombe, Josiah; Jayakumar, Naveen Kumar Tumkur IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2018.2884011	journal	March 2019
Detection and Localization of Disconnections in PV Strings Using Spread-Spectrum Time-Domain Reflectometry Saleh, Mashad Uddin; Deline, Chris; Kingston, Samuel IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2019.2953392	journal	January 2020
An Overview of Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry Responses to Photovoltaic Faults Saleh, Mashad Uddin; Deline, Chris; Benoit, Evan IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, Vol. 10, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOTOV.2020.2972356	journal	May 2020
Analysis of spread spectrum time domain reflectometry for wire fault location Smith, P.; Furse, C.; Gunther, J. IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 5, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2005.858964	journal	December 2005
The invisible fray: a critical analysis of the use of reflectometry for fray location Griffiths, L. A.; Parakh, R.; Furse, C. IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 6, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2006.874017	journal	June 2006
Advanced Forward Methods for Complex Wire Fault Modeling Lundquist, Eric J.; Nagel, James R.; Wu, Shang IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 13, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2012.2227996	journal	April 2013
Fault Diagnosis for Electrical Systems and Power Networks: A Review Furse, Cynthia M.; Kafal, Moussa; Razzaghi, Reza IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 21, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2987321	journal	January 2021
Measurement of Capacitance Using Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR) and Dictionary Matching Kingston, Samuel R.; Jayakumar, Naveen Kumar Tumkur; Saleh, Mashad Uddin IEEE Sensors Journal, Vol. 20, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.2992998	journal	September 2020
Postprocessing for Improved Accuracy and Resolution of Spread Spectrum Time-Domain Reflectometry Jayakumar, Naveen Kumar Tumkur; Benoit, Evan; Kingston, Samuel IEEE Sensors Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/LSENS.2019.2916636	journal	June 2019
Analysis of wave propagation in Time Domain Reflectometry circuit simulation model Thayoob, Y. H. Md; Sulaiman, S.; Ariffin, A. Mohd 2010 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon) https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2010.5697590	conference	November 2010
Piecewise linear model for transmission line with capacitive loading and ramp input No authors listed IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Vol. 24, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2005.847895	journal	June 2005
An Irradiance-Independent, Robust Ground-Fault Detection Scheme for PV Arrays Based on Spread Spectrum Time-Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR) Roy, Sourov; Alam, Mohammed Khorshed; Khan, Faisal IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 33, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2755592	journal	August 2018
A critical comparison of reflectometry methods for location of wiring faults Furse, Cynthia; Chung, You Chung; Lo, Chet Smart Structures and Systems, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.12989/sss.2006.2.1.025	journal	January 2006
Creating dynamic equivalent PV circuit models with impedance spectroscopy for arc-fault modeling. Johnson, Jay; Kuszmaul, Scott; Strauch, Jason https://doi.org/10.2172/1020514	report	May 2011
Fast Transient Simulations for Multi-Segment Transmission Lines with a Graphical Model Harley, Joel B.; Saleh, Mashad Uddin; Kingston, Samuel Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol. 165 https://doi.org/10.2528/PIER19042105	journal	January 2019

Similar Records

Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (SSTDR) Digital Twin Simulation of Photovoltaic Systems for Fault Detection and Location

Journal Article · Mon Jul 12 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · Progress in Electromagnetics Research B · OSTI ID:2234303

Quantifying the Environmental Sensitivity of SSTDR Signals for Monitoring PV Strings

Journal Article · Mon Nov 29 23:00:00 EST 2021 · IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics · OSTI ID:2234307

Related Subjects

14 SOLAR ENERGY
electrical fault location
fault detection
health monitoring
photovoltaic (PV)
reflectometry
spread spectrum time-domain reflectometry (SSTDR)
systematic solution (SSP)
transmission line

A Model for SSTDR Signal Propagation Through Photovoltaic Strings

Citation Formats

References (27)

Similar Records

Related Subjects