Interfacial bond characterization of epoxy adhesives to aluminum alloy and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide by vibrational spectroscopy

Shin, Yongsoon; Qiao, Yao; Ni, Yelin; Ramos, Jose L.; Nickerson, Ethan K.; Merkel, Daniel R.; Simmons, Kevin L.

doi:10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103346

Interfacial bond characterization of epoxy adhesives to aluminum alloy and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide by vibrational spectroscopy

Journal Article · Mon Aug 28 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Surfaces and Interfaces

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.103346· OSTI ID:2228276

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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Vibrational spectroscopic technique has been utilized to investigate interfacial bonding chemistry of two epoxy adhesive products, XP0012 and XP5005F, on plasma-treated AA6061 and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 (CFRP-PA66) surfaces. The change in vibrational peak ratios was measured by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to deduce bonding mechanisms. Both adhesives showed strong crosslinking polymerization of hydroxyl- and amine-initiated epoxy ring opening on AA6061 surface, but on CFRP surface XP0012 formed a simple amide linkage by the reaction of surface hydroxyl groups and nitrile groups of curing agent, and XP5005F formed a crosslinked network by hydroxyl-initiated epoxy ring opening polymerization. The different interfacial bonding formation of two adhesives on CFRP-PA66 surface is attributed to additive effect. Addition of additives to epoxy adhesives (XP5005F) changed the interfacial bonding mechanism on CFRP-PA66 surface, rather forming hydroxyl-initiated epoxy opening crosslinking polymerization than a simple amide bond formation (XP0012). The interfacial bonding chemistry was also proved by addition of bisphenol A (BA) to a simplified model diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A/dicyandiamide (DGEBA/DICY) epoxy system. When BA was added to the model DGEBA/DICY system, epoxy ring gradually decreased on CFRP-PA66 surface, while without BA, DGEBA/DICY showed only decrease in a nitrile peak intensity in ATR-FTIR. In conclusion, the foregoing different types of interfacial chemical bonds at the adhesive/CFRP-PA66 interfaces can affect the lap shear behavior of the joint.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2228276

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--185204

Journal Information:: Surfaces and Interfaces, Journal Name: Surfaces and Interfaces Journal Issue: Part A Vol. 42; ISSN 2468-0230

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
adhesives
aluminum alloy
carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide
fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
interfacial bonding
single lap shear

Interfacial bond characterization of epoxy adhesives to aluminum alloy and carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide by vibrational spectroscopy

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