Functional group activation and coupling agent migration induced by plasma treatment in adhesive for enhanced toughness of metal-composite joints

Shin, Yongsoon; Qiao, Yao; Nickerson, Ethan K.; Trevino, Areesa A.; Gilliam, Mary; Garner, Graham; Lukitsch, Michael; Carlson, Blair E.; Simmons, Kevin L.

doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.109050

Functional group activation and coupling agent migration induced by plasma treatment in adhesive for enhanced toughness of metal-composite joints

Journal Article · Mon Jan 06 00:00:00 EST 2025 · Progress in Organic Coatings

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.109050· OSTI ID:2564356

Shin, Yongsoon ^[1]; Qiao, Yao ^[1]; Nickerson, Ethan K. ^[1]; Trevino, Areesa A. ^[1]; Gilliam, Mary ^[2]; Garner, Graham ^[2]; Lukitsch, Michael ^[2]; Carlson, Blair E. ^[2]; Simmons, Kevin L. ^[1]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
General Motors Technical Center, Warren, MI (United States)

Commercial adhesive paste was additionally activated using low-power oxygen plasma with different plasma exposure durations to investigate its interfacial bonding contribution in adhesively-bonded Aural-5/CFRP-PA6 double cantilever beam (DCB) joints with plasma-treated adherends. The plasma-treated adhesive showed enhanced functional peak intensities in Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) as plasma exposure time was increased, and some degree of oxidation was also detected via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A small molecule, dicyandiamde (coupling agent) in adhesive was migrated to adhesive layer, where double concentration of coupling agent was detected after 10 minutes of plasma treatment. As a result, characterization of the adhesive/CFRP-PA6 interface after DCB fracture showed additional chemical bonds formed through amine-initiated epoxy ring opening polymerization, as well as amide bonds and ester bonds. In conclusion, these additional bonds at the adhesive/CFRP-PA6 interfaces led to significantly increased failure extensions and fracture energies of the joints as the plasma exposure time on the adhesive increased, compared to the joints with plasma-treated adherends but non-plasma-treated adhesive as commonly seen in the literature.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Office of Sustainable Transportation. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830

OSTI ID:: 2564356

Report Number(s):: PNNL-SA--204316

Journal Information:: Progress in Organic Coatings, Journal Name: Progress in Organic Coatings Vol. 200; ISSN 0300-9440

Publisher:: ElsevierCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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