Cyber-Vulnerability Analysis for Real-Time Power Market Operation

Zhang, Qiwei; Li, Fangxing

doi:10.1109/tsg.2021.3066398

Cyber-Vulnerability Analysis for Real-Time Power Market Operation

Journal Article · Wed Mar 17 00:00:00 EDT 2021 · IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1109/tsg.2021.3066398· OSTI ID:2217148

^[1]; ^[2]

University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Raytheon Technologies Research Center
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

With the rapid advancement and integration of communication and sensor technologies, power system operation is becoming more vulnerable to cyberattacks, particularly attacks in which malicious data could induce catastrophic consequences on market operations. Financial risks, as well as the potential physical damages, raise growing concerns about the reliable operation of the electricity market. Existing market-targeting cybersecurity research has focused on developing attack strategies or detection schemes. However, the lack of cyber-vulnerability analysis (CVA) hinders operators from systematically evaluating the real-time (RT) market-clearing model and identifying potential threats from a cybersecurity perspective. This paper proposes a comprehensive CVA model for delivering a detailed analysis of four aspects of vulnerability: highly probable cyberattack targets, devastating attack targets, risky load levels, and mitigation ability under different degrees of defense. Users can simulate interactions between attackers and defending operators under different attack events, and the corresponding market settlements are also obtained. The proposed bi-level model is recast into mixed-integer linear programming through Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions. Here, a simulation study on an IEEE-30 bus system demonstrates the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed CVA model.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Raytheon Technologies Research Center, Arlington, VA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, and Emergency Response (CESER)

Grant/Contract Number:: OE0000899

OSTI ID:: 2217148

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1850605

Journal Information:: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Journal Name: IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid Journal Issue: 4 Vol. 12; ISSN 1949-3053

Publisher:: IEEECopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (26)

Design of robust profitable false data injection attacks in multi‐settlement electricity markets Moslemi, Ramin; Mesbahi, Afshin; Mohammadpour Velni, Javad IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-gtd.2017.0294	journal	January 2018
Real-Time Detection of False Data Injection in Smart Grid Networks: An Adaptive CUSUM Method and Analysis Huang, Yi; Tang, Jin; Cheng, Yu IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2014.2323266	journal	June 2016
A Stealthy Attack Against Electricity Market Using Independent Component Analysis Esmalifalak, Mohammad; Nguyen, Huy; Zheng, Rong IEEE Systems Journal, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2015.2483742	journal	March 2018
Optimal Energy Dispatch of Distributed PVs for the Next Generation of Distribution Management Systems Ding, Fei; Zhang, Yingchen; Simpson, Jeffery IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2020.3009684	journal	January 2020
Complementarity, Not Optimization, is the Language of Markets Conejo, Antonio J.; Ruiz, Carlos IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2020.3029134	journal	January 2020
Defending Against False Data Injection Attacks on Power System State Estimation Deng, Ruilong; Xiao, Gaoxi; Lu, Rongxing IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2015.2470218	journal	February 2017
Improving an Unjustified Common Practice in Ex Post LMP Calculation Li, Fangxing; Wei, Yanli; Adhikari, Sarina IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 25, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2037518	journal	May 2010
Impact of Data Quality on Real-Time Locational Marginal Price Jia, Liyan; Kim, Jinsub; Thomas, Robert J. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 29, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2286992	journal	March 2014
Sensitivity Analysis of Real-Time Locational Marginal Price to SCADA Sensor Data Corruption Choi, Dae-Hyun; Xie, Le IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 29, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2013.2293634	journal	May 2014
The 2015 Ukraine Blackout: Implications for False Data Injection Attacks Liang, Gaoqi; Weller, Steven R.; Zhao, Junhua IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 32, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2016.2631891	journal	July 2017
Solving Linear Bilevel Problems Using Big-Ms: Not All That Glitters Is Gold Pineda, Salvador; Morales, Juan Miguel IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 34, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2019.2892607	journal	May 2019
Market-Level Defense Against FDIA and a New LMP-Disguising Attack Strategy in Real-Time Market Operations Zhang, Qiwei; Li, Fangxing; Cui, Hantao IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 36, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2020.3020870	journal	March 2021
Integrity Data Attacks in Power Market Operations Xie, Le; Mo, Yilin; Sinopoli, Bruno IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 2, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2011.2161892	journal	December 2011
Ramp-Induced Data Attacks on Look-Ahead Dispatch in Real-Time Power Markets No authors listed IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 4, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2228508	journal	September 2013
Detecting False Data Injection Attacks in AC State Estimation Chaojun, Gu; Jirutitijaroen, Panida; Motani, Mehul IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2388545	journal	September 2015
Transmission Line Rating Attack in Two-Settlement Electricity Markets Ye, Hongxing; Ge, Yinyin; Liu, Xuan IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 7, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2015.2426418	journal	May 2016
Economic Impact Assessment of Topology Data Attacks With Virtual Bids Choi, Dae-Hyun; Xie, Le IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 9, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2535246	journal	March 2018
Online Data Integrity Attacks Against Real-Time Electrical Market in Smart Grid Tan, Song; Song, Wen-Zhan; Stewart, Michael IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2016.2550801	journal	January 2018
Generalized FDIA-Based Cyber Topology Attack With Application to the Australian Electricity Market Trading Mechanism Liang, Gaoqi; Weller, Steven R.; Luo, Fengji IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2677911	journal	July 2018
Opportunities for Price Manipulation by Aggregators in Electricity Markets Azizan Ruhi, Navid; Dvijotham, Krishnamurthy; Chen, Niangjun IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2694043	journal	November 2018
Data Injection Attacks on Electricity Markets by Limited Adversaries: Worst-Case Robustness Mengis, Mateo R.; Tajer, Ali IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 9, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2695120	journal	November 2018
False Data Injection Attacks in Electricity Markets by Limited Adversaries: Stochastic Robustness Tajer, Ali IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 10, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2733346	journal	January 2019
A Framework for Cyber-Topology Attacks: Line-Switching and New Attack Scenarios Liang, Gaoqi; Weller, Steven R.; Zhao, Junhua IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2776325	journal	March 2019
Financially Motivated FDI on SCED in Real-Time Electricity Markets: Attacks and Mitigation Liu, Chensheng; Zhou, Min; Wu, Jing IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2017.2784366	journal	March 2019
Power System Parameter Attack for Financial Profits in Electricity Markets Xu, Hanchen; Lin, Yuzhang; Zhang, Xiangyu IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2020.2977088	journal	July 2020
A Representation and Economic Interpretation of a Two-Level Programming Problem Fortuny-Amat, Jose; McCarl, Bruce The Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 32, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.2307/2581394	journal	September 1981

Similar Records

Market-Level Defense Against FDIA and a New LMP-Disguising Attack Strategy in Real-Time Market Operations

Journal Article · Mon Aug 31 20:00:00 EDT 2020 · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · OSTI ID:2217147

Cybersecurity Framework Tool and Training Game Help Utilities ID Cyber Attack Vulnerabilities

Multimedia · Wed Mar 14 00:00:00 EDT 2018 · OSTI ID:1772924

Profit-Oriented False Data Injection on Electricity Market: Reviews, Analyses, and Insights

Journal Article · Thu Nov 05 19:00:00 EST 2020 · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics · OSTI ID:2217181

Related Subjects

29 ENERGY PLANNING, POLICY, AND ECONOMY
Bi-level optimization
Cyber-vulnerability
Cybersecurity
KKT conditions
Locational marginal prices (LMPs)

Cyber-Vulnerability Analysis for Real-Time Power Market Operation

Citation Formats

References (26)

Similar Records

Related Subjects