Effect of surface roughness on phase transition timing in megaampere pulsed-power–driven exploding conductors

Carrier, Matthew J.; Farmer, William A.; Klemmer, Aidan W.; Kreher, Seth E.; Bauer, Bruno S.; Srinivasan, Bhuvana

doi:10.1063/5.0159797

Effect of surface roughness on phase transition timing in megaampere pulsed-power–driven exploding conductors

Journal Article · Mon Sep 11 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Physics of Plasmas

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0159797· OSTI ID:2204924

^[1]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Kreher, Seth E. ^[4]; ^[3]; ^[1]

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)
Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

An understanding of material phase transitions in megaampere pulsed-power–driven exploding conductors is important for predicting the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities in magneto-inertial fusion concepts. Here, this study analyzes phase transitions in electrical conductor explosions using 1D Lagrangian and 2D arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations to show that micrometer-scale surface roughness can lead to the electrothermal instability (ETI), a feedback effect that concentrates resistive heating and leads to early melting and ablation. Simulations of the Mykonos electrothermal instability II (METI-II) experiment show melting begins 19% sooner for machined rods with micrometer-scale surface roughness than for rods without these features. The surface magnetic field is 41 T around the initial region of melt, representing a lower magnitude than both the 86 T from 1D simulations and the 85 T threshold reported elsewhere. In 2D simulations with micrometer-scale surface roughness, temperature measurements indicate the critical point temperature of aluminum is reached 17% faster in comparison with 1D simulations. Values from 2D simulations with surface roughness align with predictions from ETI theory, and the observed temperature redistribution further supports the ETI as an underlying mechanism. Simulation results are validated against experimental photonic Doppler velocimetry data. This study shows 1D simulations are adequate to model conductors with sub-micrometer-scale surface roughness in this high-energy-density regime; however, 2D or 3D simulations are required to capture the full range of physics for accurately describing phase transitions in conductors with micrometer-scale or larger surface roughness.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0003881; NA0004137

OSTI ID:: 2204924

Report Number(s):: LLNL--JRNL-842788; 1065227

Journal Information:: Physics of Plasmas, Journal Name: Physics of Plasmas Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 30; ISSN 1070-664X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Effect of surface roughness on phase transition timing in megaampere pulsed-power–driven exploding conductors

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