Infrared nano-imaging of Dirac magnetoexcitons in graphene

Dapolito, Michael; Tsuneto, Makoto; Zheng, Wenjun; Wehmeier, Lukas; Xu, Suheng; Chen, Xinzhong; Sun, Jiacheng; Du, Zengyi; Shao, Yinming; Jing, Ran; Zhang, Shuai; Bercher, Adrien; Dong, Yinan; Halbertal, Dorri; Ravindran, Vibhu; Zhou, Zijian; Petrovic, Mila; Gozar, Adrian; Carr, G. L.; Li, Qiang; Kuzmenko, Alexey B.; Fogler, Michael M.; Basov, D. N.; Du, Xu; Liu, Mengkun

doi:10.1038/s41565-023-01488-y

Infrared nano-imaging of Dirac magnetoexcitons in graphene

Journal Article · Mon Aug 21 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Nature Nanotechnology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-023-01488-y· OSTI ID:2204612

^[1]; Tsuneto, Makoto ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[3]; Xu, Suheng ^[4]; ^[1]; Sun, Jiacheng ^[2]; Du, Zengyi ^[2]; ^[4]; ^[4]; ^[4]; Bercher, Adrien ^[5]; ^[4]; ^[4]; Ravindran, Vibhu ^[6]; Zhou, Zijian ^[2]; ^[2]; ^[7]; ^[8]; Li, Qiang ^[9] more »

Stony Brook University, NY (United States); Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)
Stony Brook University, NY (United States)
Stony Brook University, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
Columbia University, New York, NY (United States)
Université de Genève (Switzerland)
Stony Brook University, NY (United States); University of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
Yale University, New Haven, CT (United States)
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II)
Stony Brook University, NY (United States); Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA (United States)

Magnetic fields can have profound effects on the motion of electrons in quantum materials. Two-dimensional electron systems subject to strong magnetic fields are expected to exhibit quantized Hall conductivity, chiral edge currents and distinctive collective modes referred to as magnetoplasmons and magnetoexcitons. Generating these propagating collective modes in charge-neutral samples and imaging them at their native nanometre length scales have thus far been experimentally elusive. Here we visualize propagating magnetoexciton polaritons at their native length scales and report their magnetic-field-tunable dispersion in near-charge-neutral graphene. Imaging these collective modes and their associated nano-electro-optical responses allows us to identify polariton-modulated optical and photo-thermal electric effects at the sample edges, which are the most pronounced near charge neutrality. Our work is enabled by innovations in cryogenic near-field optical microscopy techniques that allow for the nano-imaging of the near-field responses of two-dimensional materials under magnetic fields up to 7 T. In conclusion, this nano-magneto-optics approach allows us to explore and manipulate magnetopolaritons in specimens with low carrier doping via harnessing high magnetic fields.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: National Science Foundation (NSF); Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Materials Sciences & Engineering Division (MSE)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; SC0019443

OSTI ID:: 2204612

Report Number(s):: BNL--224960-2023-JAAM

Journal Information:: Nature Nanotechnology, Journal Name: Nature Nanotechnology Vol. 18; ISSN 1748-3387

Publisher:: Nature Publishing GroupCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (58)

Modern Scattering‐Type Scanning Near‐Field Optical Microscopy for Advanced Material Research Chen, Xinzhong; Hu, Debo; Mescall, Ryan Advanced Materials https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201804774	journal	April 2019
Enhanced dielectric contrast in scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy Knoll, Bernhard; Keilmann, Fritz Optics Communications, Vol. 182, Issue 4-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(00)00826-9	journal	August 2000
The role of contact resistance in graphene field-effect devices Giubileo, Filippo; Di Bartolomeo, Antonio Progress in Surface Science, Vol. 92, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progsurf.2017.05.002	journal	August 2017
Moiré Band Topology in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Ma, Chao; Wang, Qiyue; Mills, Scott Nano Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c02131	journal	July 2020
Gate-Tunable Proximity Effects in Graphene on Layered Magnetic Insulators Tseng, Chun-Chih; Song, Tiancheng; Jiang, Qianni Nano Letters, Vol. 22, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02931	journal	October 2022
Edge and Surface Plasmons in Graphene Nanoribbons Fei, Z.; Goldflam, M. D.; Wu, J. -S. Nano Letters, Vol. 15, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b03834	journal	November 2015
Nano-photocurrent Mapping of Local Electronic Structure in Twisted Bilayer Graphene Sunku, Sai S.; McLeod, Alexander S.; Stauber, Tobias Nano Letters, Vol. 20, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04637	journal	February 2020
Probes for Ultrasensitive THz Nanoscopy Maissen, Curdin; Chen, Shu; Nikulina, Elizaveta ACS Photonics, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00324	journal	April 2019
Infrared Nanoscopy of Dirac Plasmons at the Graphene–SiO ₂ Interface Fei, Zhe; Andreev, Gregory O.; Bao, Wenzhong Nano Letters, Vol. 11, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl202362d	journal	October 2011
Infrared Spectroscopy of Tunable Dirac Terahertz Magneto-Plasmons in Graphene Yan, Hugen; Li, Zhiqiang; Li, Xuesong Nano Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl3016335	journal	June 2012
Photo-Thermoelectric Effect at a Graphene Interface Junction Xu, Xiaodong; Gabor, Nathaniel M.; Alden, Jonathan S. Nano Letters, Vol. 10, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1021/nl903451y	journal	February 2010
Gate-tuning of graphene plasmons revealed by infrared nano-imaging Fei, Z.; Rodin, A. S.; Andreev, G. O. Nature, Vol. 487, Issue 7405 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11253	journal	June 2012
Near-field photocurrent nanoscopy on bare and encapsulated graphene Woessner, Achim; Alonso-González, Pablo; Lundeberg, Mark B. Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10783	journal	February 2016
Electrically controlled terahertz magneto-optical phenomena in continuous and patterned graphene Poumirol, Jean-Marie; Liu, Peter Q.; Slipchenko, Tetiana M. Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms14626	journal	March 2017
Thermoelectric detection and imaging of propagating graphene plasmons Lundeberg, Mark B.; Gao, Yuanda; Woessner, Achim Nature Materials, Vol. 16, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4755	journal	September 2016
Acoustic terahertz graphene plasmons revealed by photocurrent nanoscopy Alonso-González, Pablo; Nikitin, Alexey Y.; Gao, Yuanda Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2016.185	journal	October 2016
Giant Faraday rotation in single- and multilayer graphene Crassee, Iris; Levallois, Julien; Walter, Andrew L. Nature Physics, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys1816	journal	November 2010
Photo-Nernst current in graphene Cao, Helin; Aivazian, Grant; Fei, Zaiyao Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3549	journal	November 2015
Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe5 Li, Qiang; Kharzeev, Dmitri E.; Zhang, Cheng Nature Physics, Vol. 12, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3648	journal	February 2016
Nanotextured phase coexistence in the correlated insulator V2O3 McLeod, A. S.; van Heumen, E.; Ramirez, J. G. Nature Physics, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3882	journal	September 2016
Imaging the nanoscale phase separation in vanadium dioxide thin films at terahertz frequencies Stinson, H. T.; Sternbach, A.; Najera, O. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-05998-5	journal	September 2018
Cleaning interfaces in layered materials heterostructures Purdie, D. G.; Pugno, N. M.; Taniguchi, T. Nature Communications, Vol. 9, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07558-3	journal	December 2018
Hyperbolic enhancement of photocurrent patterns in minimally twisted bilayer graphene Sunku, S. S.; Halbertal, D.; Stauber, T. Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21792-2	journal	March 2021
Terahertz response of monolayer and few-layer WTe2 at the nanoscale Jing, Ran; Shao, Yinming; Fei, Zaiyao Nature Communications, Vol. 12, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23933-z	journal	September 2021
Colossal infrared and terahertz magneto-optical activity in a two-dimensional Dirac material Nedoliuk, Ievgeniia O.; Hu, Sheng; Geim, Andre K. Nature Nanotechnology, Vol. 14, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-019-0489-8	journal	July 2019
Coexisting first- and second-order electronic phase transitions in a correlated oxide Post, K. W.; McLeod, A. S.; Hepting, M. Nature Physics, Vol. 14, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-018-0201-1	journal	July 2018
Correlated Hofstadter spectrum and flavour phase diagram in magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene Yu, Jiachen; Foutty, Benjamin A.; Han, Zhaoyu Nature Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01589-w	journal	April 2022
Strongly correlated electron–photon systems Bloch, Jacqueline; Cavalleri, Andrea; Galitski, Victor Nature, Vol. 606, Issue 7912 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04726-w	journal	May 2022
Giant magnetoresistance of Dirac plasma in high-mobility graphene Xin, Na; Lourembam, James; Kumaravadivel, Piranavan Nature, Vol. 616, Issue 7956 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-05807-0	journal	April 2023
Interband plasmon polaritons in magnetized charge-neutral graphene Slipchenko, T. M.; Poumirol, J. -M.; Kuzmenko, A. B. Communications Physics, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-021-00607-2	journal	May 2021
Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy with Akiyama piezo-probes Dapolito, Michael; Chen, Xinzhong; Li, Chaoran Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0074804	journal	January 2022
A sub-2 Kelvin cryogenic magneto-terahertz scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (cm-THz-sSNOM) Kim, R. H. J.; Park, J. -M.; Haeuser, S. J. Review of Scientific Instruments, Vol. 94, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0130680	journal	April 2023
Nonlinear nanoelectrodynamics of a Weyl metal Shao, Yinming; Jing, Ran; Chae, Sang Hoon Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 118, Issue 48 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2116366118	journal	November 2021
Edge magnetoplasmons in graphene Petković, Ivana; Williams, F. I. B.; Glattli, D. Christian Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 47, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/9/094010	journal	February 2014
Magneto-optical conductivity in graphene Gusynin, V. P.; Sharapov, S. G.; Carbotte, J. P. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 19, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/2/026222	journal	December 2006
Near-field microscopy by elastic light scattering from a tip Keilmann, Fritz; Hillenbrand, Rainer Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, Vol. 362, Issue 1817 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2003.1347	journal	April 2004
Magnetodispersion of two-dimensional plasmon polaritons Andreev, I. V.; Muravev, V. M.; Semenov, N. D. Physical Review B, Vol. 104, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.104.195436	journal	November 2021
Excitations from a filled Landau level in the two-dimensional electron gas Kallin, C.; Halperin, B. I. Physical Review B, Vol. 30, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.30.5655	journal	November 1984
Electronic properties of disordered two-dimensional carbon Peres, N. M. R.; Guinea, F.; Castro Neto, A. H. Physical Review B, Vol. 73, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.73.125411	journal	March 2006
Excitations from filled Landau levels in graphene Iyengar, A.; Wang, Jianhui; Fertig, H. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 75, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.75.125430	journal	March 2007
Thermopower and Nernst effect in graphene in a magnetic field Checkelsky, Joseph G.; Ong, N. P. Physical Review B, Vol. 80, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.80.081413	journal	August 2009
Many-body corrections to cyclotron resonance in monolayer and bilayer graphene Shizuya, K. Physical Review B, Vol. 81, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.81.075407	journal	February 2010
Multicomponent magneto-optical conductivity of multilayer graphene on SiC Crassee, I.; Levallois, J.; van der Marel, D. Physical Review B, Vol. 84, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.84.035103	journal	July 2011
Edge magnetoplasmons and the optical excitations in graphene disks Wang, Weihua; Apell, S. Peter; Kinaret, Jari M. Physical Review B, Vol. 86, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.125450	journal	September 2012
Giant photocurrents in a Dirac fermion system at cyclotron resonance Olbrich, P.; Zoth, C.; Vierling, P. Physical Review B, Vol. 87, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.87.235439	journal	June 2013
Approaching the Dirac Point in High-Mobility Multilayer Epitaxial Graphene Orlita, M.; Faugeras, C.; Plochocka, P. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 101, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.267601	journal	December 2008
Anomalous Thermoelectric Transport of Dirac Particles in Graphene Wei, Peng; Bao, Wenzhong; Pu, Yong Physical Review Letters, Vol. 102, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.166808	journal	April 2009
Interaction-Induced Shift of the Cyclotron Resonance of Graphene Using Infrared Spectroscopy Henriksen, E. A.; Cadden-Zimansky, P.; Jiang, Z. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 104, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.067404	journal	February 2010
Landau Level Spectroscopy of Ultrathin Graphite Layers Sadowski, M. L.; Martinez, G.; Potemski, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 97, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.266405	journal	December 2006
Infrared Spectroscopy of Landau Levels of Graphene Jiang, Z.; Henriksen, E. A.; Tung, L. C. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 98, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.197403	journal	May 2007
Electronic properties of graphene in a strong magnetic field Goerbig, M. O. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 83, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.83.1193	journal	November 2011
Electron-Electron Interactions in Graphene: Current Status and Perspectives Kotov, Valeri N.; Uchoa, Bruno; Pereira, Vitor M. Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 84, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1067	journal	July 2012
Mott Transition in VO2 Revealed by Infrared Spectroscopy and Nano-Imaging Qazilbash, M. M.; Brehm, M.; Chae, B. -G. Science, Vol. 318, Issue 5857 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1150124	journal	December 2007
One-Dimensional Electrical Contact to a Two-Dimensional Material Wang, L.; Meric, I.; Huang, P. Y. Science, Vol. 342, Issue 6158 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1244358	journal	October 2013
Photonic crystals for nano-light in moiré graphene superlattices Sunku, S. S.; Ni, G. X.; Jiang, B. Y. Science, Vol. 362, Issue 6419 https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5144	journal	December 2018
Influence of Landau level mixing on the properties of elementary excitations in graphene in strong magnetic field Lozovik, Yurii E.; Sokolik, Alexey A. Nanoscale Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/1556-276X-7-134	journal	February 2012
Magneto-plasmonics in graphene-dielectric sandwich Hu, Bin; Tao, Jin; Zhang, Ying Optics Express, Vol. 22, Issue 18 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.021727	journal	September 2014
Rapid simulations of hyperspectral near-field images of three-dimensional heterogeneous surfaces – part II Chen, Xinzhong; Yao, Ziheng; Sun, Zhiyuan Optics Express, Vol. 30, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.452949	journal	March 2022

Similar Records

Landau-phonon polaritons in Dirac heterostructures

Journal Article · Thu Sep 12 20:00:00 EDT 2024 · Science Advances · OSTI ID:2473072

Magnetic field driven emergent phenomena: Insights from magneto-optics and nanoscopy

Journal Article · Thu Sep 11 20:00:00 EDT 2025 · Progress in Quantum Electronics · OSTI ID:2589351

Accelerated Nano-Optical Imaging through Sparse Sampling

Journal Article · Wed Feb 07 19:00:00 EST 2024 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:2472848

Related Subjects

36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
Magnetic properties and materials
Surfaces
interfaces and thin films

Infrared nano-imaging of Dirac magnetoexcitons in graphene

Citation Formats

References (58)

Similar Records

Related Subjects