Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns

Journal Article · Thu Mar 15 04:00:00 EDT 2007 · Inhalation Toxicology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370601067863· OSTI ID:20892685

Jalava, P I; Salonen, R O; Pennanen, A S; Sillanpaa, M; Halinen, A I; Happo, M S; Hillamo, R; Brunekreef, B; Katsouyanni, K; Sunyer, J; Hirvonen, M R ^[1]

---

1. National Public Health Institute, Kuopio (Finland). Dept. for Environmental Health

We investigated the cytotoxic and inflammatory activities of size-segregated particulate samples (particulate matter, PM) from contrasting air pollution situations in Europe. Coarse (PM10-2.5), fine (PM2.5-0.2), and ultrafine (PM0.2) particulate samples were collected with a modified Harvard high-volume cascade impactor (HVCI). Mouse RAW 264.7 macrophages were exposed to the samples for 24 h. Selected inflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)), were measured together with cytotoxicity (MTT test), and analysis of apoptosis and cell cycle (propidium iodide staining). The PM10-2.5 samples had a much higher inflammatory activity than the PM2.5-0.2 and PM0.2 samples, but the PM2.5-0.2 samples showed the largest differences in inflammatory activity, and the PM0.2 samples in cytotoxicity, between the sampling campaigns. The PM2.5-0.2 samples from traffic environments in springtime Barcelona and summertime Athens had the highest inflammatory activities, which may be related to the high photochemical activity in the atmosphere during the sampling campaigns. The PM0.2 sample from wintertime Prague with proven impacts from local coal and biomass combustion had very high cytotoxic and apoptotic activities and caused a distinct cell cycle arrest. Thus, particulate size, sources, and atmospheric transformation processes affect the toxicity profile of urban air particulate matter. These factors may explain some of the heterogeneity observed in particulate exposure-response relationships of human health effects in epidemiological studies.

• OSTI ID: 20892685
• Journal Information: Inhalation Toxicology, Journal Name: Inhalation Toxicology Journal Issue: 3 Vol. 19; ISSN INHTE5; ISSN 0895-8378
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

01 COAL, LIGNITE, AND PEAT
AIR POLLUTION
BIOMASS
COAL
EUROPE
EXHAUST GASES
INFLAMMATION
PARTICLE SIZE
PARTICULATES
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
POLLUTION SOURCES
PUBLIC HEALTH
RATS
SEASONAL VARIATIONS
TOXICITY
URBAN AREAS
VEHICLES