Novel antiviral activity of chemokines

Journal Article · Wed Jul 05 04:00:00 EDT 2006 · Virology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2006.03.004· OSTI ID:20850530

Nakayama, Takashi ^[1]; Shirane, Jumi ^[2]; Hieshima, Kunio ^[1]; Shibano, Michiko ^[1]; Watanabe, Masayasu ^[1]; Jin, Zhe ^[1]; Nagakubo, Daisuke ^[1]; Saito, Takuya ^[3]; Shimomura, Yoshikazu ^[2]; Yoshie, Osamu ^[1]

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1. Department of Microbiology, Kinki University School of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-Higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka 589-8511 (Japan)
2. Department of Ophthalmology, Kinki University School of Medicine, Osaka (Japan)
3. Department of Biotechnological Science, Kinki University, Wakayama (Japan)

Antimicrobial peptides are a diverse family of small, mostly cationic polypeptides that kill bacteria, fungi and even some enveloped viruses, while chemokines are a group of mostly cationic small proteins that induce directed migration of leukocytes through interactions with a group of seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. Recent studies have shown that antimicrobial peptides and chemokines have substantially overlapping functions. Thus, while some antimicrobial peptides are chemotactic for leukocytes, some chemokines can kill a wide range of bacteria and fungi. Here, we examined a possible direct antiviral activity of chemokines against an enveloped virus HSV-1. Among 22 human chemokines examined, chemokines such as MIP-1{alpha}/CCL3, MIP-1{beta}/CCL4 and RANTES/CCL5 showed a significant direct antiviral activity against HSV-1. It is intriguing that these chemokines are mostly known to be highly expressed by effector CD8{sup +} T cells. The chemokines with a significant anti-HSV-1 activity commonly bound to HSV-1 virions via envelope glycoprotein gB. Electron microscopy revealed that the chemokines with a significant anti-HSV-1 activity were commonly capable of generating pores in the envelope of HSV-1. Thus, some chemokines have a significant direct antiviral activity against HSV-1 in vitro and may have a potential role in host defense against HSV-1 as a direct antiviral agent.

• OSTI ID: 20850530
• Journal Information: Virology, Journal Name: Virology Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 350; ISSN VIRLAX; ISSN 0042-6822
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
BACTERIA
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
FUNGI
GLYCOPROTEINS
GTP-ASES
IN VITRO
LEUKOCYTES
POLYPEPTIDES
RECEPTORS
VIRUSES