Coreless and singular vortex lattices in rotating spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

Journal Article · Fri Oct 01 00:00:00 EDT 2004 · Physical Review. A

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.70.043613· OSTI ID:20646407

Mizushima, Takeshi; Kobayashi, Naoko; Machida, Kazushige ^[1]

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1. Department of Physics, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530 (Japan)

We theoretically investigate vortex-lattice phases of rotating spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's) with a ferromagnetic spin interaction by numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. The spinor BEC under slow rotation can sustain a rich variety of exotic vortices due to the multicomponent order parameters, such as Mermin-Ho and Anderson-Toulouse coreless vortices (the two-dimensional Skyrmion and meron) and nonaxisymmetric vortices with shifting vortex cores. Here, we present the spin texture of various vortex-lattice states at higher rotation rates and in the presence of an external magnetic field. In addition, the vortex phase diagram is constructed in the plane of the total magnetization M and the external rotation frequency {omega} by comparing the free energies of possible vortices. It is shown that the vortex phase diagrams in the M-{omega} plane may be divided into two categories: (i) the coreless vortex lattice formed by the several types of Mermin-Ho vortices and (ii) the vortex lattice filling in the cores with the pure polar (antiferromagnetic) state. In particular, it is found that the type-(ii) state forms composite lattices of coreless and polar-core vortices. The difference between type (i) and type (ii) results from the existence of the singularity of the spin textures, which may be experimentally confirmed by the spin imaging within polarized light recently proposed by Carusotto and Mueller. We also discuss the stability of triangular and square lattice states for rapidly rotating condensates.

• OSTI ID: 20646407
• Journal Information: Physical Review. A, Vol. 70, Issue 4; Other Information: DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.70.043613; (c) 2004 The American Physical Society; Country of input: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); ISSN 1050-2947
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
ANTIFERROMAGNETISM
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION
FERROMAGNETISM
FREE ENERGY
INTERACTIONS
MAGNETIC FIELDS
MAGNETIC FLUX
MAGNETIZATION
ORDER PARAMETERS
PHASE DIAGRAMS
ROTATION
SINGULARITY
SPIN
STABILITY
SUPERFLUIDITY
TEXTURE
VISIBLE RADIATION
VORTICES
WAVE EQUATIONS