Gauge-potential-induced vortices in spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates with spin–orbit coupling

Journal Article · Sun Dec 15 04:00:00 EST 2019 · Annals of Physics

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AOP.2019.167953· OSTI ID:22848447

Jin, Jingjing ^[1]; Guo, Hui ^[2]; Zhang, Suying ^[3]; Yan, Shubin ^[4]

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1. School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051 (China)
2. Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600 (China)
3. Institute of Theoretical Physics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 (China)
4. Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement (Ministry of Education), North University of China, Taiyuan 030051 (China)

Highlights: •Effectively rotate the so-coupled condensate by an external magnetic field. •New effects of the Aharonov–Bohm geometric phase in ultracold atomic gases. •Many novel vortex structures have been studied. •A new stabilization mechanism for multiquantum vortices in spinor BECs. -- Abstract: We investigate the vortex states generated by the gauge-potential-induced rotation in spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates with spin–orbit coupling. An external magnetic field coupling with spin equivalently imprints a non-zero gauge angular momentum, which induces an equivalent canonical angular momentum in the opposite direction, accompanied by the generation of quantized vortices. The competition between interatomic interactions, spin–orbit coupling and magnetic field leads to a variety of vortex structures. In the weakly interatomic interacting regime, as the increase of SO coupling strength, the condensate with a weak magnetic field gradient experiences the transition from polar-core vortex to Mermin–Ho vortex then to vortex cluster , and the three-vortex structures are found in the vortex cluster. As the SO coupling increases further, the condensate presents symmetrical density domains separated by radial vortex arrays. With the increase of magnetic field gradient, the number of density domains increases, and the condensate eventually turns into a giant vortex. In the relatively strong interatomic interacting regime, vortex sheets are formed when the magnetic field gradient is weak, and the increasing of magnetic field gradient makes the vortex arrangement orderly. Compared with the cases of weak interatomic interacting regime, density domain structures are broken because of the strong interatomic interactions, and the vortices are arranged in coaxial annular arrays.

• OSTI ID: 22848447
• Journal Information: Annals of Physics, Journal Name: Annals of Physics Vol. 411; ISSN 0003-4916; ISSN APNYA6
• Country of Publication: United States
• Language: English

Related Subjects

71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS
GENERAL PHYSICS
AHARONOV-BOHM EFFECT
BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION
COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS
DENSITY
DOMAIN STRUCTURE
GAUGE INVARIANCE
INTERACTIONS
L-S COUPLING
MAGNETIC FIELDS
QUANTUM MECHANICS
ROTATION
SPINORS
STABILIZATION