Three-dimensional Simulations of Massive Stars. II. Age Dependence

Vanon, Riccardo; Edelmann, Philipp Valentin Ferdinand; Ratnasingam, Rathish Previn; Varghese, Ashlin; Rogers, Tamara M.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ace9db

Three-dimensional Simulations of Massive Stars. II. Age Dependence

Journal Article · Tue Sep 05 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · The Astrophysical Journal

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ace9db· OSTI ID:2005836

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Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne (United Kingdom)
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne (United Kingdom); Polish Academy of Sciences (PAS), Krakow (Poland)
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne (United Kingdom); Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ (United States)

We present 3D full star simulations, reaching up to 90% of the total stellar radius, for three 7 M⊙ stars of different ages: zero-age main sequence (ZAMS), mid–main sequence (midMS), and terminal-age main sequence (TAMS). A comparison with several theoretical prescriptions shows that the generation spectra for all three ages are dominated by convective plumes. Two distinct overshooting layers are observed, with most plumes stopped within the layer situated directly above the convective boundary; overshooting to the second, deeper layer becomes progressively more infrequent with increasing stellar age. Internal gravity wave (IGW) propagation is significantly impacted in the midMS and TAMS models as a result of some IGWs getting trapped within their Brunt–Väisälä frequency spikes. A fundamental change in the wave structure across radius is also observed, driven by the effect of density stratification on IGW propagation causing waves to become evanescent within the radiative zone, with older stars being affected more strongly. We find that the steepness of the frequency spectrum at the surface increases from ZAMS to the older models, with older stars also showing more modes in their spectra.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: 89233218CNA000001

OSTI ID:: 2005836

Report Number(s):: LA-UR--22-28600

Journal Information:: The Astrophysical Journal, Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal Journal Issue: 2 Vol. 954; ISSN 0004-637X

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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