skip to main content
OSTI.GOV title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Tuning the Type 1 Reduction Potential of Multicopper Oxidases: Uncoupling the Effects of Electrostatics and H-Bonding to Histidine Ligands

Journal Article · · Journal of the American Chemical Society
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c03241· OSTI ID:2001423
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [4]
  1. Stanford Univ., CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
  3. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
  4. Stanford Univ., CA (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States). Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL)
  5. Univ. at Buffalo, NY (United States)

In multicopper oxidases (MCOs), the type 1 (T1) Cu accepts electrons from the substrate and transfers these to the trinuclear Cu cluster (TNC) where O2 is reduced to H2O. The T1 potential in MCOs varies from 340 to 780 mV, a range not explained by the existing literature. Here, this study focused on the ~350 mV difference in potential of the T1 center in Fet3p and Trametes versicolor laccase (TvL) that have the same 2His1Cys ligand set. A range of spectroscopies performed on the oxidized and reduced T1 sites in these MCOs shows that they have equivalent geometric and electronic structures. However, the two His ligands of the T1 Cu in Fet3p are H-bonded to carboxylate residues, while in TvL they are H-bonded to noncharged groups. Electron spin echo envelope modulation spectroscopy shows that there are significant differences in the second-sphere H-bonding interactions in the two T1 centers. Redox titrations on type 2-depleted derivatives of Fet3p and its D409A and E185A variants reveal that the two carboxylates (D409 and E185) lower the T1 potential by 110 and 255–285 mV, respectively. Density functional theory calculations uncouple the effects of the charge of the carboxylates and their difference in H-bonding interactions with the His ligands on the T1 potential, indicating 90–150 mV for anionic charge and ~100 mV for a strong H-bond. Finally, this study provides an explanation for the generally low potentials of metallooxidases relative to the wide range of potentials of the organic oxidases in terms of different oxidized states of their TNCs involved in catalytic turnover.

Research Organization:
SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER); National Institutes of Health (NIH)
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-76SF00515
OSTI ID:
2001423
Journal Information:
Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 145, Issue 24; ISSN 0002-7863
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

References (108)

Copper coordination in blue proteins journal October 2000
Electron Transfer to the Trinuclear Copper Cluster in Electrocatalysis by the Multicopper Oxidases journal October 2021
Crystal Structure of a Four-Copper Laccase Complexed with an Arylamine:  Insights into Substrate Recognition and Correlation with Kinetics , journal June 2002
Spectroscopic and DFT Studies of Second-Sphere Variants of the Type 1 Copper Site in Azurin: Covalent and Nonlocal Electrostatic Contributions to Reduction Potentials journal October 2012
Rapid Decay of the Native Intermediate in the Metallooxidase Fet3p Enables Controlled FeII Oxidation for Efficient Metabolism journal May 2020
O 2 Reduction to Water by High Potential Multicopper Oxidases: Contributions of the T1 Copper Site Potential and the Local Environment of the Trinuclear Copper Cluster journal June 2019
O 2 Reduction in Enzymatic Biofuel Cells journal September 2017
Reduction Potential Tuning of the Blue Copper Center in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Azurin by the Axial Methionine as Probed by Unnatural Amino Acids journal December 2006
The Thermodynamics, Kinetics, and Molecular Mechanism of Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Human Ceruloplasmin journal December 2000
Rack‐induced bonding in blue copper proteins: Spectroscopic properties and reduction potential of the azurin mutant Met‐121 → Leu journal August 1989
Spectral and Kinetic Properties of the Fet3 Protein fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae, a Multinuclear Copper Ferroxidase Enzyme journal September 1998
The Reversible Removal of one Specific Copper(II) from Fungal Laccase journal January 1969
Resonance Raman spectra of "blue" copper proteins and the nature of their copper sites journal February 1976
Determinants of the Relative Reduction Potentials of Type-1 Copper Sites in Proteins journal June 2004
Temperature dependence of the resonance Raman spectra of plastocyanin and azurin between cryogenic and ambient conditions. journal February 1984
Electronic structure of plastocyanin: excited state spectral features journal June 1988
Analysis of 1 4 N ESEEM patterns of randomly oriented solids journal November 1987
X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of the blue copper site: metal and ligand K-edge studies to probe the origin of the EPR hyperfine splitting in plastocyanin journal January 1993
Crystal structure analyses of reduced (CuI) poplar plastocyanin at six pH values journal November 1986
Spectroscopy and Reactivity of the Type 1 Copper Site in Fet3p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae:  Correlation of Structure with Reactivity in the Multicopper Oxidases journal May 2001
Investigating the structure and function of cupredoxins journal December 2005
Self‐consistent molecular orbital methods. XXIII. A polarization‐type basis set for second‐row elements journal October 1982
Copper Active Sites in Biology journal January 2014
Copper coordination group in blue copper proteins. Evidence from resonance Raman spectra journal March 1975
Intra-electron transfer of amicyanin from newly derived active site to redox potential tuned type 1 copper site journal February 2018
Rationally tuning the reduction potential of a single cupredoxin beyond the natural range journal November 2009
Intramolecular electron transfer in laccases journal August 2011
Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: confirmation of a trinuclear copper active site journal August 1986
Refined crystal structure of ascorbate oxidase at 1.9 Å resolution journal March 1992
X-ray crystal structure of the blue oxidase ascorbate oxidase from Zucchini journal April 1989
Spectroscopic studies on plastocyanin single crystals: a detailed electronic structure determination of the blue copper active site journal July 1981
Spectroscopic Analysis of the Trinuclear Cluster in the Fet3 Protein from Yeast, a Multinuclear Copper Oxidase journal February 2000
As(III) and Cr(VI) oxyanion removal from water by advanced oxidation/reduction processes—a review journal November 2018
The Role of Hydrogen Bonding at the Active Site of a Cupredoxin:  The Phe114Pro Azurin Variant , journal July 2006
The Met99Gln Mutant of Amicyanin from Paracoccus versutus journal July 2000
Electron-Spin-Echo Envelope Modulation journal January 1965
Hyperfine sublevel correlation (hyscore) spectroscopy: a 2D ESR investigation of the squaric acid radical journal December 1986
Envelope Modulation in Spin-Echo Experiments journal April 1972
A study of a series of recombinant fungal laccases and bilirubin oxidase that exhibit significant differences in redox potential, substrate specificity, and stability journal February 1996
Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance studies of the copper(II) site in galactose oxidase journal April 1980
Uclacyanins, stellacyanins, and plantacyanins are distinct subfamilies of phytocyanins: Plant-specific mononuclear blue copper proteins journal September 1998
The determination of cuprous ion in copper proteins journal April 1960
Fully optimized contracted Gaussian basis sets of triple zeta valence quality for atoms Li to Kr journal April 1994
Resonance Raman studies of blue copper proteins journal August 1974
Type 2-depleted fungal laccase journal July 1988
An X-ray structural study of human ceruloplasmin in relation to ferroxidase activity journal August 1997
Molecular Origin of Rapid versus Slow Intramolecular Electron Transfer in the Catalytic Cycle of the Multicopper Oxidases journal August 2013
Mechanism of the Reduction of the Native Intermediate in the Multicopper Oxidases: Insights into Rapid Intramolecular Electron Transfer in Turnover journal December 2014
Metalloproteins Containing Cytochrome, Iron–Sulfur, or Copper Redox Centers journal March 2014
Crystal Structure of a Laccase from the Fungus Trametes versicolor at 1.90-Å Resolution Containing a Full Complement of Coppers journal August 2002
Directed Evolution of a Bacterial Laccase (CueO) for Enzymatic Biofuel Cells journal March 2019
Cyro-vibrational spectroscopy of blue copper proteins journal January 1983
Resonance Raman studies of blue copper proteins: effects of temperature and isotopic substitutions. Structural and thermodynamic implications journal October 1985
Electron transfers in chemistry and biology journal August 1985
Mn(II) Oxidation by the Multicopper Oxidase Complex Mnx: A Binuclear Activation Mechanism journal August 2017
Electronic Structures of Metal Sites in Proteins and Models:  Contributions to Function in Blue Copper Proteins journal February 2004
Perturbations of the T1 copper site in the CotA laccase from Bacillus subtilis: structural, biochemical, enzymatic and stability studies journal April 2006
Cryoresonance Raman spectroscopy of plastocyanin, azurin, and stellacyanin. A reevaluation of the identity of the resonance-enhanced modes journal February 1983
Oxidation-reduction potentials of the electron acceptors in laccases and stellacyanin journal August 1972
Probing the Role of Axial Methionine in the Blue Copper Center of Azurin with Unnatural Amino Acids journal July 2003
Nuclear quadrupole interactions in copper(II)-diethylenetriamine-substituted imidazole complexes and in copper(II) proteins journal December 1990
Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana stellacyanin: A comparison with umecyanin journal February 2004
Targeted Mutations in a Trametes villosa Laccase journal April 1999
Redox potentials of the blue copper sites of bilirubin oxidases journal December 2006
Structure-Function Analysis of the Cuprous Oxidase Activity in Fet3p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae journal March 2007
Ferrous Binding to the Multicopper Oxidases Saccharomyces cerevisiae Fet3p and Human Ceruloplasmin:  Contributions to Ferroxidase Activity journal May 2004
The copper-iron connection in biology: Structure of the metallo-oxidase Fet3p journal October 2005
Electronic Structure of the Peroxy Intermediate and Its Correlation to the Native Intermediate in the Multicopper Oxidases:  Insights into the Reductive Cleavage of the O−O Bond journal October 2007
Ground-State Electronic and Magnetic Properties of a μ3-Oxo-Bridged Trinuclear Cu(II) Complex:  Correlation to the Native Intermediate of the Multicopper Oxidases journal September 2005
Electron spin echo studies of the copper complexes of conalbumin. journal September 1982
Spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the Met86Gln mutant of Achromobacter cycloclastes pseudoazurin journal November 2000
Native azurin and its Ni(II) derivative: A resonance Raman study journal May 1979
The Mutation Met121His Creates a Type-1.5 Copper Site in Alcaligenes denitrificans Azurin journal September 1996
Normal coordinate analysis of the copper center of azurin and the assignment of its resonance Raman spectrum. journal October 1982
Chloride Control of the Mechanism of Human Serum Ceruloplasmin (Cp) Catalysis journal June 2019
Anisotropic Covalency Contributions to Superexchange Pathways in Type One Copper Active Sites journal October 2014
An ENDOR and ESEEM study of the blue copper protein azurin journal March 1995
Spectroscopic Investigation of Stellacyanin Mutants:  Axial Ligand Interactions at the Blue Copper Site journal September 2003
Reactivity of the laccase trinuclear copper active site with dioxygen: an x-ray absorption edge study journal March 1990
6-31G * basis set for atoms K through Zn journal July 1998
Characterization of the potentiometric behavior of soluble cytochrome oxidase by magnetic circular dichroism. Evidence in support of heme-heme interaction. journal August 1981
Resonance Raman spectra of plastocyanin and pseudoazurin: evidence for conserved cysteine ligand conformations in cupredoxins (blue copper proteins) journal November 1991
Why Is There Such a Small Overpotential for O[sub 2] Electroreduction by Copper Laccase? journal January 2005
The influence of polarization functions on molecular orbital hydrogenation energies journal January 1973
A Quantitative Description of the Ground-State Wave Function of Cu A by X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy:  Comparison to Plastocyanin and Relevance to Electron Transfer journal June 2001
Prediction of Reduction Potentials of Copper Proteins with Continuum Electrostatics and Density Functional Theory journal September 2017
Cuprous Oxidase Activity of CueO from Escherichia coli journal October 2004
Electrostatic interaction of a solute with a continuum. A direct utilizaion of AB initio molecular potentials for the prevision of solvent effects journal February 1981
Role of the Axial Ligand in Type 1 Cu Centers Studied by Point Mutations of Met148 in Rusticyanin journal September 1999
X-ray absorption edge determination of the oxidation state and coordination number of copper. Application to the type 3 site in Rhus vernicifera laccase and its reaction with oxygen journal October 1987
Design of a single protein that spans the entire 2-V range of physiological redox potentials journal December 2015
Reduction Potential Tuning at a Type 1 Copper Site Does Not Compromise Electron Transfer Reactivity journal November 2005
N-terminal arm exchange is observed in the 2.15 Å crystal structure of oxidized nitrite reductase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa journal September 1997
Resonance Raman spectra of blue copper proteins: assignments from normal mode calculations and copper-63/copper-65 and H2O/D2O shifts for stellacyanin and laccase journal March 1984
Multicopper Oxidases and Oxygenases journal January 1996
Multi-Copper Oxidases and Human Iron Metabolism journal June 2013
Industrial and biotechnological applications of laccases: A review journal September 2006
Low-temperature magnetic circular dichroism studies of native laccase: spectroscopic evidence for exogenous ligand bridging at a trinuclear copper active site. journal May 1985
The nuclear modulation effect in electron spin echoes for complexes of Cu 2+ and imidazole with 14 N and 15 N journal December 1978
Large Scale Production and Purification of Laccase from Cultures of the Fungus Polyporus versicolor and some Properties of Laccase A. journal January 1967
Density‐functional thermochemistry. I. The effect of the exchange‐only gradient correction journal February 1992
Spectroscopic Studies and Electronic Structure Description of the High Potential Type 1 Copper Site in Fungal Laccase:  Insight into the Effect of the Axial Ligand journal August 1999
EasySpin, a comprehensive software package for spectral simulation and analysis in EPR journal January 2006
Nitrogen-14 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectra of coordinated imidazole journal September 1978
Reduction potential variations in azurin through secondary coordination sphere phenylalanine incorporations journal October 2010
Chemical Redox Agents for Organometallic Chemistry journal January 1996
Reduction potentials and their pH dependence in site-directed-mutant forms of azurin from Pseudomonas aeruginosa journal March 1993
A resonance raman investigation of perturbed states of tree and fungal laccase journal August 1983