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Source Contributions to Fine Particulate Matter and Attributable Mortality in India and the Surrounding Region

Journal Article · · Environmental Science and Technology
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  1. Washington University in St. Louis, MO (United States)
  2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), College Park, MD (United States)
  3. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Maharashtra (India)
  4. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC (Canada)
+ Show Author Affiliations
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is a leading mortality risk factor in India and the surrounding region of South Asia. This study evaluates the contribution of emission sectors and fuels to PM2.5 mass for 29 states in India and 6 surrounding countries (Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar) by combining source-specific emission estimates, stretched grid simulations from a chemical transport model, high resolution hybrid PM2.5, and disease-specific mortality estimates. We find that 1.02 (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.78-1.26) million deaths in South Asia attributable to ambient PM2.5 in 2019 were primarily from three leading sectors: residential combustion (28%), industry (15%), and power generation (12%). Solid biofuel is the leading combustible fuel contributing to the PM2.5-attributable mortality (31%), followed by coal (17%), and oil and gas (14%). State-level analyses reveal higher residential combustion contributions (35%-39%) in states (Delhi, Uttar-Pradesh, Haryana) with high ambient PM2.5 (>95 µg/m3). The combined mortality burden associated with residential combustion (ambient) and household air pollution (HAP) in India is 0.72 million (95% CI:0.54-0.89) (68% attributable to HAP, 32% attributable to residential combustion). Our results illustrate the potential to reduce PM2.5 mass and improve population health by reducing emissions from traditional energy sources across multiple sources in South Asia.
Research Organization:
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); USDOE
Grant/Contract Number:
AC05-76RL01830
OSTI ID:
2000522
Report Number(s):
PNNL-SA--187209
Journal Information:
Environmental Science and Technology, Journal Name: Environmental Science and Technology Journal Issue: 28 Vol. 57; ISSN 0013-936X
Publisher:
American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English

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Related Subjects

63 RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRON. POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGS. AND BIOL. MAT.
Air pollution
Air quality
Biofuels
Fine particulate matter
Fuels
GEOS-Chem
Particulate matter
Redox reactions
Source contribution
South Asia