A Review of Sensing Technologies for New, Low Global Warming Potential (GWP), Flammable Refrigerants

Reshniak, Viktor; Cheekatamarla, Praveen; Sharma, Vishaldeep; Yana Motta, Samuel

doi:10.3390/en16186499

Title: A Review of Sensing Technologies for New, Low Global Warming Potential (GWP), Flammable Refrigerants

Journal Article · Fri Sep 08 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Energies

DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/en16186499· OSTI ID:2000265

^[1];

^[1]; Yana Motta, Samuel ^[1]

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Commercial refrigeration systems currently utilize refrigerants with global warming potential (GWP) values ranging from 1250 to 4000. The advent of low GWP alternatives (GWP <150) is expected to significantly curtail direct emissions from this segment and greatly influence the ongoing electrification and decarbonization efforts. Most of the low GWP alternatives exhibit flammability risk and hence require robust sensing solutions for a reliable and safe operation of the equipment. This review article aims to provide an overview of different sensing mechanisms suitable for potential applications in systems employing flammable refrigerants, particularly those designated as A2L class. A summary of different A2L refrigerants and their properties is provided followed by a broad review of different classes of sensors, their working principle, transduction method, features, advantages, and limitations. Additionally, key performance characteristics of accuracy, selectivity, sensitivity, dynamic characteristic, and durability among other properties are discussed. Finally, areas of improvement and corresponding approaches are suggested for potential sensors in the successful adoption of A2L class refrigerants.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Energy Efficiency Office. Building Technologies Office

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 2000265

Journal Information:: Energies, Vol. 16, Issue 18; ISSN 1996-1073

Publisher:: MDPICopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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