Tailored porous materials
- and others
The present review is the product of a study panel convened under the auspices of the US Department of Energy Council on Materials Research to assess basic research needs and opportunities in the area of tailored porous materials. Five classes of porous materials were selected for study that offer opportunities for tailoring their properties through rational design: oxide molecular sieves, porous coordination solids, porous carbons, sol-gel-derived oxides, and porous heteropolyanion salts. In oxide molecular sieves, porosity can be tailored using either molecular or supramolecular templates to define both pore size and pore shape. Porous coordination solids offer the potential for a different type of tailoring, namely, the control of reactivity along pore walls through incorporation of different organic and inorganic functional groups. Unlike oxide molecular sieves and coordination solids, porous carbons are not crystalline materials and thus offer distinct advantages in terms of processibility, that is, tailoring on a macroscopic size scale to form membranes, monoliths, and fibers. Sol--gel-derived oxides are also processible in this sense and can in addition be tailored on the molecular size scale. Porous heteropolyanion salts are unique relative to the other materials selected for study in that they are true molecular materials. Moreover, certain heteropolyanion salts have well-defined primary, secondary, and tertiary structures and as a result, porosity can be tailored on several different size scales in one and the same material. Treatment of these five systems is proceeded by more general discussion of how porosity is defined and measured and how it can be understood and modeled on a fundamental level. A final section is also provided that outlines some of the challenges currently facing researchers in this area. 205 refs.
- Research Organization:
- Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (US)
- Sponsoring Organization:
- US Department of Energy
- OSTI ID:
- 20001153
- Journal Information:
- Chemistry of Materials, Journal Name: Chemistry of Materials Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 11; ISSN CMATEX; ISSN 0897-4756
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
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