Adsorptive exchange of coccolith biominerals facilitates viral infection

Johns, Christopher T.; Bondoc-Naumovitz, Karen Grace; Matthews, Alexandra; Matson, Paul G.; Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. Debora; Taylor, Alison R.; Fuchs, Heidi L.; Bidle, Kay D.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.adc8728

Title: Adsorptive exchange of coccolith biominerals facilitates viral infection

Journal Article · Fri Jan 20 00:00:00 EST 2023 · Science Advances

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adc8728· OSTI ID:1997725

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Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (United States)
University of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC (United States)

Marine coccolithophores are globally distributed, unicellular phytoplankton that produce nanopatterned, calcite biominerals (coccoliths). These biominerals are synthesized internally, deposited into an extracellular coccosphere, and routinely released into the external medium, where they profoundly affect the global carbon cycle. The cellular costs and benefits of calcification remain unresolved. Here, we show observational and experimental evidence, supported by biophysical modeling, that free coccoliths are highly adsorptive biominerals that readily interact with cells to form chimeric coccospheres and with viruses to form “viroliths,” which facilitate infection. Adsorption to cells is mediated by organic matter associated with the coccolith base plate and varies with biomineral morphology. Biomineral hitchhiking increases host-virus encounters by nearly an order of magnitude and can be the dominant mode of infection under stormy conditions, fundamentally altering how we view biomineral-cell-virus interactions in the environment.

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Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; National Science Foundation (NSF); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725; NNX14AR62A; 3789; 3301; OCE-1537951; OCE-1459200; OCE-1559179; OIA-2021032; OCE-1638838; ECCS-1542015; MC15AC00006; 1S10RR025424

OSTI ID:: 1997725

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Vol. 9, Issue 3; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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