Genome Variations Associated with Viral Susceptibility and Calcification in Emiliania huxleyi

Kegel, Jessica U.; John, Uwe; Valentin, Klaus; Frickenhaus, Stephan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0080684

Genome Variations Associated with Viral Susceptibility and Calcification in Emiliania huxleyi

Journal Article · Tue Nov 19 00:00:00 EST 2013 · PLoS ONE

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0080684· OSTI ID:1627660

Kegel, Jessica U. ^[1]; John, Uwe ^[2]; Valentin, Klaus ^[2]; Frickenhaus, Stephan ^[3]

Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research Bremerhaven (Germany); DOE/OSTI
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research Bremerhaven (Germany)
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar- and Marine Research Bremerhaven (Germany); Hochschule Bremerhaven, Biotechnology (Germany)

Emiliania huxleyi, a key player in the global carbon cycle is one of the best studied coccolithophores with respect to biogeochemical cycles, climatology, and host-virus interactions. Strains of E. huxleyi show phenotypic plasticity regarding growth behaviour, light-response, calcification, acidification, and virus susceptibility. This phenomenon is likely a consequence of genomic differences, or transcriptomic responses, to environmental conditions or threats such as viral infections. We used an E. huxleyi genome microarray based on the sequenced strain CCMP1516 (reference strain) to perform comparative genomic hybridizations (CGH) of 16 E. huxleyi strains of different geographic origin. We investigated the genomic diversity and plasticity and focused on the identification of genes related to virus susceptibility and coccolith production (calcification). Among the tested 31940 gene models a core genome of 14628 genes was identified by hybridization among 16 E. huxleyi strains. 224 probes were characterized as specific for the reference strain CCMP1516. Compared to the sequenced E. huxleyi strain CCMP1516 variation in gene content of up to 30 percent among strains was observed. Comparison of core and non-core transcripts sets in terms of annotated functions reveals a broad, almost equal functional coverage over all KOG-categories of both transcript sets within the whole annotated genome. Within the variable (non-core) genome we identified genes associated with virus susceptibility and calcification. Genes associated with virus susceptibility include a Bax inhibitor-1 protein, three LRR receptor-like protein kinases, and mitogen-activated protein kinase. Our list of transcripts associated with coccolith production will stimulate further research, e.g. by genetic manipulation. In particular, the V-type proton ATPase 16 kDa proteolipid subunit is proposed to be a plausible target gene for further calcification studies.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Research Organization:: Joint Genome Institute (JGI), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: Alfred Wegener Institute; Helmholtz Foundation Initiative in Earth and Environment; Marine Genomics Europe; USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231

OSTI ID:: 1627660

Journal Information:: PLoS ONE, Journal Name: PLoS ONE Journal Issue: 11 Vol. 8; ISSN 1932-6203

Publisher:: Public Library of ScienceCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Toll-Like Receptor 4-Mediated Activation of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Is a Determinant of Respiratory Virus Entry and Tropism Marchant, David; Singhera, Gurpreet K.; Utokaparch, Soraya Journal of Virology, Vol. 84, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00804-10	journal	August 2010
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The relative significance of viral lysis and microzooplankton grazing as pathways of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) cleavage: An Emiliania huxleyi culture study Evans, Claire; Kadner, Susanne V.; Darroch, Louise J. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 52, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2007.52.3.1036	journal	May 2007
Strain-specific responses of Emiliania huxleyi to changing seawater carbonate chemistry Langer, G.; Nehrke, G.; Probert, I. Biogeosciences, Vol. 6, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2637-2009	journal	January 2009

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Temperature-Induced Viral Resistance in Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) Kendrick, B. Jacob; DiTullio, Giacomo R.; Cyronak, Tyler J. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112134	journal	November 2014
Characterization of the Small RNA Transcriptome of the Marine Coccolithophorid, Emiliania huxleyi Zhang, Xiaoyu; Gamarra, Jaime; Castro, Steven PLOS ONE, Vol. 11, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0154279	journal	April 2016
P- and N-Depletion Trigger Similar Cellular Responses to Promote Senescence in Eukaryotic Phytoplankton Rokitta, Sebastian D.; von Dassow, Peter; Rost, Björn Frontiers in Marine Science, Vol. 3 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2016.00109	journal	June 2016
Recent Reticulate Evolution in the Ecologically Dominant Lineage of Coccolithophores Bendif, El Mahdi; Probert, Ian; Díaz-Rosas, Francisco Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol. 7 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00784	journal	May 2016
Blueprints for the Next Generation of Bioinspired and Biomimetic Mineralised Composites for Bone Regeneration Walsh, Pamela; Fee, Kathryn; Clarke, Susan Marine Drugs, Vol. 16, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.3390/md16080288	journal	August 2018
Correction: Ruiz, E. et al. Emerging Interaction Patterns in the Emiliania Huxleyi-EhV System. Viruses 2016, 9, 61 Ruiz, Eliana; Oosterhof, Monique; Sandaa, Ruth-Anne Viruses, Vol. 9, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.3390/v9040089	journal	April 2017

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