Engineering Redox Flow Battery Electrodes with Spatially Varying Porosity Using Non‐Solvent‐Induced Phase Separation

Wan, Charles Tai-Chieh; Jacquemond, Rémy Richard; Chiang, Yet-Ming; Forner-Cuenca, Antoni; Brushett, Fikile R.

doi:10.1002/ente.202300137

Title: Engineering Redox Flow Battery Electrodes with Spatially Varying Porosity Using Non‐Solvent‐Induced Phase Separation

Journal Article · Tue Jun 06 00:00:00 EDT 2023 · Energy Technology

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202300137· OSTI ID:1984319

^[1]; Jacquemond, Rémy Richard ^[2];

^[3];

^[4];

^[1]

Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA, Department of Chemical Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
Membrane Materials and Processes Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands, DIFFER - Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research 5612 AJ Eindhoven The Netherlands
Joint Center for Energy Storage Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA, Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
Membrane Materials and Processes Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are a promising electrochemical platform for efficiently and reliably delivering electricity to the grid. Within the RFB, porous carbonaceous electrodes facilitate electrochemical reactions and distribute the flowing electrolyte. Tailoring electrode microstructure and surface area can improve RFB performance, lowering costs. Electrodes with spatially varying porosity may increase electrode utilization and provide surface area in reaction‐limited zones; however, the efficacy of such designs remains an open area of research. Herein, a non‐solvent‐induced phase‐separation (NIPS) technique that enables the reproducible synthesis of macrovoid‐free electrodes with well‐defined across‐thickness porosity gradients is described. The monotonically varying porosity profile is quantified and the physical properties and surface chemistries of porosity‐gradient electrodes are compared with macrovoid‐containing electrode, also synthesized by NIPS. Then, the electrochemical and fluid dynamic performance of the porosity‐gradient electrodes is evaluated, exploring the effect of changing the direction of the porosity gradient and benchmarking against the macrovoid‐containing electrode. Lastly, the performance is examined in a vanadium RFB, finding that the porosity‐gradient electrode outperforms the macrovoid electrode, is independent of gradient direction, and performs favorably compared to advanced electrodes in the contemporary literature. It is anticipated that the approach motivates further exploration of microstructurally tailored electrodes in electrochemical systems.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: De-AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1984319

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1995893

Journal Information:: Energy Technology, Journal Name: Energy Technology Vol. 11 Journal Issue: 8; ISSN 2194-4288

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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